Abstract
PlxyMNPV_LBIV-11 is an alphabaculovirus strain, isolated from Plutella xylostella larvae. This work characterized this strain at a biological, morphological, and molecular level to evaluate its similarity with other baculoviruses. Its ultrastructure showed a multiple arrangement of nucleocapsids within enveloped virions, all occluded within large cubical polyhedra. PlxyMNPV_LBIV-11 showed infectivity on the Hi5 and Sf9 cell lines, despite these being from heterologous origin. This in vitro infectivity was observed using either BVs or by transfection with genomic DNA. Restriction fragment patterns of PlxyMNPV_LBIV-11, using the enzymes EcoRI, BamHI and HindIII, showed a high relationship with those patterns shown by AcMNPV, except for one or two differential bands with each enzyme. Sequences of core genes lef-8 and lef-9 and the conserved polh gene showed identities ranging from 98 to 100% when compared with those of AcMNPV. Somewhat lower was the sequence identity of the gp64 gene (94%) as compared with those of AcMNPV and PlxyMNPV_CL3, which might be related to the difference in virulence. Besides, the presence of this gene in PlxyMNPV_LBIV-11 indicates that it belongs to group 1 of alphabaculoviruses. A phylogram was estimated with the core and conserved gene sequences, corroborating its high relationship with AcMNPV and PlxyMNPV_CL3. Bioassays were performed with P. xylostella larvae reared on a meridic diet, whose LC50 values indicated lower virulence than AcMNPV when tested against P. xylostella, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Trichoplusia ni larvae. Its virulence against S. frugiperda was only seven times lower than AcMNPV. Its potential as a biological control agent is discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Biever KD, Andrews PL (1984) Susceptibility of lepidopterous larvae to Plutella xylostella nuclear polyhedrosis virus. J Invertebr Pathol 44:117–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(84)90055-7
Capinera JL (2002) Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). The Institute of food and agricultural sciences (IFAS). https://doi.org/10.32473/edisin276-2000
Carpenter EJ, Bloem S (2002) Interaction between insect strain and artificial diet in diamondback moth development and reproduction. Entomol Exp Appl 102(3):283–294. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019546605422
Del Rincón-Castro MC, Ibarra JE (1997) Genotypic divergence of three single nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SNPV) strains from the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia Ni. Biochem Syst Ecol 25(4):287–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(97)00002-1
Furlong MJ, Wright DJ, Dosdall LM (2013) Diamondback moth ecology and management: problems, progress, and prospects. Annu Rev Entomol. 58:517–541. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153605
Fuxa JR (2004) Ecology of insect nucleopolyhedroviruses. Agric Ecosyst Environ 103:27–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.10.013
Heckel DG, Gahan LJ, Liu YB, Tabashnik BE (1999) Genetic mapping of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in diamondback moth using biphasic linkage analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96(15):8373–8377. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.15.8373
Herniou EA, Arif BM, Becnel JJ, Blissard GW, Bonning BC, Harrison R, Jehle JA, Theilmann DA, Vlak JM (2011) Baculoviridae. In: Adams MJ, King AMQ, Cartsens EB, Lefkowitz EJ (eds) Virus taxonomy, Ixth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 163–174
Hink WF (1970) Established insect cell line from the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni. Nature 226:466–467. https://doi.org/10.1038/226466b0
Hughes PR, Woods HA (1986) In vivo and in vitro bioassay methods for baculovirus. In: Granados RR, Federici BA (eds) The biology of baculovirus. CRC Press, Florida, pp 1–30
Ibarra JE, Federici BA (1987) An alternative bioassay employing neonate larvae for determining the toxicity of suspended particles to mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2:187–191
Jehle JA, Blissard GW, Bonning BC, Cory JS, Herniou EA, Rohrmann GF, Theilmann DA, Thiem SM, Vlak JM (2006) On the classification and nomenclature of baculoviruses: a proposal for revision. Arch Virol. 151:1257–1266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-006-0763-6
Jehle JA, Lange M, Wang H, Hu Z, Wang Y, Hauschild R (2006b) Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of baculoviruses from Lepidoptera. Virology 346(1):180–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2005.10.032
Kalantari MZ, MagholiFhard Z, Marzban R (2019) Virulence determination nuclear polyhedrosis virus on cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera and diamond black moth, Plutella xylostella. J Appl Res Plant Prot 7(4):37–47
Kariuki CW, McIntosch AH (1999) Infectivity studies of a new baculovirus isolate for the control of the diamondback moth (Plutellidae: Lepidoptera). J Econ Entomol 92(5):1093–1098. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee92.5.1093
Kariuki CW, McIntosh AH, Goodman CL (2000) In vitro host range studies with a new baculovirus isolate from the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L) (Plutellidae: Lepidoptera). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 36(4):271–276
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K (2018) MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35(6):1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Lange M, Wang H, Zhihong H, Jehle JA (2004) Towards a molecular identification and classification system of lepidopteran-specific baculoviruses. Virology 325(1):36–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2004.04.023
Lung OY, Cruz-Alvarez M, Blissard GW (2003) Ac23, an envelope fusion protein homolog in the baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, is a viral pathogenicity factor. J Virol 77(1):328–329. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.77.1.328.339.2003
Ma XL, He WY, Wang P, You MS (2019) Cell lines from diamondback moth exhibiting differential susceptibility to baculovirus infection and expressing midgut genes. Insect Sci 26(2):251–262. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12533
Marsberg T, Jukes MD, Krejmer-Rabalska M, Rabalski L, Knox CM, Moore SD, Hill MP, Boguslaw S (2018) Morphological, genetic and biological characterization of a novel alphabaculovirus isolated from Cryptphlebia peltastica (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J Invertebr Pathol 157:3–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2018.08.006
Puente-Massaguer E, Gòdia F, Lecina M (2020) Development of a non-viral platform for rapid virus-like particle production in Sf9 cells. J Biotechnol 322:43–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.07.009
Rahman MM, Gopinathan KP (2003) Analysis of host specificity of two closely related baculoviruses in permissive and nonpermissive cell lines. Virus Res 93:13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1702(03)00046-7
Rangel-Núñez JC, Del Rincón-Castro MC, Vázquez-Ramírez MF (2014) Caracterización biológica y molecular de cepas exóticas de baculovirus SfNPV, con actividad bioinsecticida hacia una población mexicana del gusano cogollero del maíz Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Interciencia 39:320–332
Rohrmann GF (2019) Baculovirus molecular biology, 4 edn. Bethesda (MD), National center for biotechnology information, USA https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543458/. Accessed 11 May 2022
Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4(4):406–425. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454
Shelton AM, Robertson JL, Tang JD, Perez C, Eigenbrode SD, Preisler HK, Wilsey WT, Cooley RJ (1993) Resistance of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies in the field. J Econ Entomol 86:697–705. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/86.3.697
Talekar NS, Shelton AM (1993) Biology, ecology, and management of the diamondback moth. Annu Rev Entomol 38:275–301. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.38.010193.001423
Thézé J, Lopez-Vaamonde C, Cory JS, Herniou EA (2018) Biodiversity, evolution and ecological specialization of baculoviruses: a treasure trove for future applied research. Viruses 10(7):366. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10070366
Vaughn JL, Goodwin RH, Tompkins GJ, McCawley P (1977) The establishment of two cell lines from the insect Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In Vitro 13(4):213–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02615077
Wan J, Huang C, Chang-you L, Hong-xu Z, Yong-lin R, Zai-yuan L, Long-sheng X, Bin Zh, Bo L, Cong-hui L, Wan-xue L, Wen-kai W, Wan-Qiang Q, Mckirdy S, Fang-Hao W (2021) Biology, invasion and management of the agricultural invader: fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J Integr Agric 20(3):646–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63367-6
Westenberg M, Uijtdewilligen P, Vlak JM (2007) Baculovirus envelope fusion proteins F and GP64 exploit distinct receptors to gain entry into cultured insect cells. J Gen Virol 88:3302–3306. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.083240-0
Zalucki MP, Shabbir A, Silva R, Adamson D, Sheng L, Furlong MJ (2012) Estimating the economic cost of one of the world’s major insect pests, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae): just how long is a piece of string? J Econ Entomol 105(4):1115–1129. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC12107
Zanella-Saenz I, Herniou EA, Ibarra JE, Huerta-Arredondo IA, Del Rincón-Castro MC (2022) Virulence and genetic characterization of six baculovirus strains isolated from different populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Arch Microbiol 204(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02722-8
Acknowledgements
Authors thank Ma. Fernanda Vázquez-Ramírez and Javier Luévano Borroel for their technical assistance with all experiments and to CONACYT for supporting SYJH with a graduate student fellowship (No. 583555).
Funding
This work was supported by Secretaría de Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Rural del Estado de Guanajuato (SDAyR) grant No. DS/SDCA/DGA/DSV/02/2020, and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT México) grant No. 140615.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Bioassays, gene analysis, cell line infections [SYJH]; data analysis of manuscript [JCRN]; data analysis, correction, and revision of manuscript [JEI]; project leader, design, correction, and revision of manuscript [MCDRC].
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interests
Authors declare they have no conflicts of interest nor competing interest.
Ethical statement
This manuscript is in compliance with scientific ethical standards. This manuscript does not contain any studies with human participants or laboratory vertebrates performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Jiménez-Hernández, S.Y., Rangel-Núñez, J.C., Ibarra, J.E. et al. Biological, morphological, and molecular characterization of the baculovirus PlxyMNPV_LBIV-11, and its virulence towards Plutella xylostella, Trichoplusia ni, and Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. Arch Microbiol 204, 598 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-03222-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-03222-z