Abstract
Endophytes can induce the defence responses and modulates physiological attributes in host plants during pathogen attacks. In the present study, 127 bacterial endophytes (BEs) were isolated from different parts of healthy soybean plant. Among them, two BEs (M-2 and M-4) resulted a significant antagonistic property against Macrophomina phaseolina, causes charcoal rot disease in soybean. The antagonistic potential was evaluated through dual culture plate assay, where M-4 expressed higher antifungal activity than M-2 against M. phaseolina. The M-4 produces cell wall degrading enzymes viz. cellulase (145.71 ± 1.34 μgmL−1), chitinase (0.168 ± 0.0009 unitmL−1) and β,1–3 endoglucanase (162.14 ± 2.5 μgmL−1), which helps in cell wall disintegration of pathogens. Additionally, M-4 also can produce siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (17.03 ± 1.10 μgmL−1) and had a phosphate solubilization potential (19.89 ± 0.26 μgmL−1). Further, GC–MS profiling of M-4 has been carried out to demonstrate the production of lipophilic secondary metabolites which efficiently suppress the M. phaseolina defensive compounds under co-culture conditions. Bio-efficacy study of M-4 strain shown a significant reduction in disease incidence around 60 and 80% in resistant and susceptible varieties of soybean, respectively. The inoculation of M-4 potentially enhances the physiological attributes and triggers various defence responsive enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenol peroxidase (PPO), peroxidase (PO) and catalase (CAT). The histopathological study also confirmed that M-4 can reduce the persistence of microsclerotia in root and shoot tissue. Conclusively, M-4 revealed as an efficient biocontrol agent that can uses multifaceted measures for charcoal rot disease management, by suppress the M. phaseolina infection and enhance the physiological attributes of soybean.
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Acknowledgements
This study was partially supported by CSIR funded projects “MLP-050” and “MLP-044”. PC is grateful to University Grant Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India for awarding the Senior Research Fellowship. Thanks are due to Prof. S.K. Barik, Director, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, for providing all the necessary support. Author would also like thank to Dr. P. N. Saxena, Principal Tech. Officer, IITR, Lucknow for SEM micrograph imaging. This manuscript has been approved by the institutional ethical committee (MS number-CSIR-NBRI_MS/2021/02/09).
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This study was funded by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) partially funded project MLP-050 and MLP-044.
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PC: Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AB: Data curation, Methodology, Writing—review & editing. VPG: Data curation, Methodology, Writing—review & editing. SPS: Data curation, Methodology, Writing—review & editing SCG: Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology. PV: Data curation, Methodology, Writing—review & editing AD: Resources, Visualization. LSR: Resources, Visualization, Writing—review & editing. AM: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision.
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Chauhan, P., Bhattacharya, A., Giri, V.P. et al. Bacillus subtilis suppresses the charcoal rot disease by inducing defence responses and physiological attributes in soybean. Arch Microbiol 204, 266 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-02876-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-02876-z