Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the hazardous xenobiotic agents of oil production. One of the methods to eliminate hazardous compounds is bioremediation, which is the most efficient and cost-effective method to eliminate the harmful byproducts of crude petroleum processing. In this study, five pure bacterial isolates were isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil, four of which showed a robust growth on the PAH pyrene, as a sole carbon source. Various methods viz mass spectroscopy, biochemical assays, and 16S RNA sequencing employed to identify the isolates ascertained the consistent identification of Klebsiella oxytoca by all three methods. Scanning electron microscopy and Gram staining further demonstrated the characterization of the K. oxytoca. High-performance liquid chromatography of the culture supernatant of K. oxytoca grown in pyrene containing media showed that the cells started utilizing pyrene from the 6th day onwards and by the 12th day of growth, 70% of the pyrene was completely degraded. A genome search for the genes predicted to be involved in pyrene degradation using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) confirmed their presence in the genome of K. oxytoca. These results suggest that K. oxytoca would be a suitable candidate for removing soil aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Faris Saif Al Masoud and Sultan Ahmad Alkahtani of Microbiology Laboratories, Southern Region Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia, for allowing us to use VITEK® MS and VITEK® 2 COMPACT. We also thank Prof. Refaat A. Eid, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, for performing SEM.
Funding
The authors extend their appreciation to the King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) for funding this work under Grant No. 1-17-01-010-0012.
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AMA and MAM performed the experiment. MAM and SAA conceived and designed the study. MAM analyzed the date and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.
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Alfaify, A.M., Mir, M.A. & Alrumman, S.A. Klebsiella oxytoca: an efficient pyrene-degrading bacterial strain isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil. Arch Microbiol 204, 248 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-02850-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-022-02850-9