Abstract
An alkaliphilic and aerobic bacterium, designated as strain JB21T, was isolated from a soda alkali-saline soil sample in Heilongjiang, Northeast China. Strain JB21T is a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and amylase-positive bacterium. Growth occurred at 15–45 °C (optimum, 35–37 °C), in the presence of 0–15.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0%) and at pH 6.5–10.5 (optimum, pH 8.5–9.5). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JB21T was most closely related to type strains of the genus Alcanivorax, with the highest sequence similarity to Alcanivorax indicus SW127T (96.3%), and shared 95.4–93.1% sequence identity with other valid type strains of this genus. The major cellular fatty acids identified were C16:0 and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω6c and/or C18:1ω7c). The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified phospholipid. The genomic G + C content of strain JB21T was 61.3 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) estimation and average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strain JB21T and type strains of the genus Alcanivorax were 18.3–23.2% and 69.2–79.0%, respectively. On the basis of its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, we suggest the creation of a new species within the Alcanivorax genus, named Alcanivorax limicola sp. nov., type strain JB21T (= CGMCC 1.16632T = JCM 33717T).
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- DSA:
-
Denitrifier Selective Agar
- DSB:
-
Denitrifier Selective Broth
- ANI:
-
Average nucleotide identity
- dDDH:
-
Digital DNA-DNA hybridization
- COG:
-
Clusters of orthologous groups
- OC:
-
Orthologous cluster
- ASM:
-
Artificial sea water medium
- ML:
-
Maximum-likelihood
- MP:
-
Maximum-parsimony
- NJ:
-
Neighbour-joining
- OC:
-
Orthologous cluster
- PG:
-
Phosphatidylglycerol
- PE:
-
Phosphatidylethanolamine
- PL:
-
Unidentified phospholipid
References
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2
Auch AF, Klenk HP, Göker M (2010) Standard operating procedure for calculating genome-to-genome distances based on high-scoring segment pairs. Stand Genomic Sci 2:142–148. https://doi.org/10.4056/sigs.541628
Bruns A, Berthe-Corti L (1999) Fundibacter jadensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new slightly halophilic bacterium, isolated from intertidal sediment. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49:441–448. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-49-2-441
Capella-Gutierrez S, Silla-Martinez JM, Gabaldon T (2009) TrimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. Bioinformatics 25:1972–1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp1348
Chun J, Oren A, Ventosa A, Christensen H, Arahal DR, Costa MS, Rooney AP, Yi HN, Xu XW, Meyer SD, Trujillo ME (2018) Proposed minimal standards for the use of genome data for the taxonomy of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 68:461–466. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.1090.002516
Delcher AL, Bratke KA, Powers EC, Salzberg SL (2007) Identifying bacterial genes and endosymbiont DNA with glimmer. Bioinformatics 23:673–679. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm1009
Dong XZ, Cai MY (2001) Determinative manual for routine bacteriology [English translation]. Scientific Press, Beijing
Dong C, Lai Q, Liu X, Gu L, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Wang D, Shao Z (2021) Alcanivorax profundimaris sp. nov., a novel marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium isolated from seawater and deep-Sea Sediment. Curr Microbiol 78:1053–1060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02322-7
Duan M, Wang X, Fang S, Zhao B, Li C, Xiong Y (2018) Treatment of daqing oily sludge by thermochemical cleaning method. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Aspects 554:272–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.06.046
Edgar RC (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res 32:1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
Felsenstein J (1981) Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. J Mol Evol 17:368–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01734359
Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x
Fernández-Martínez J, Pujalte MJ, Garcia-Martinez J, Mata M, Garay E, Rodriguez-Valeral F (2003) Description of Alcanivorax venustensis sp. nov. and reclassifcation of Fundibacter jadensis DSM 12178T (Bruns and Berthe-Corti 1999) as Alcanivorax jadensis comb. nov., members of the emended genus Alcanivorax. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:331–338. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.01923-0
Fitch WM (1971) Toward defining the course of evolution: minimum change for a specific tree topology. Syst Biol 20:406–416. https://doi.org/10.2307/2412116
Giardine B, Riemer C, Hardison RC, Burhans R, Shah P, Yi Z (2005) Galaxy: a platform for interactive large-scale genome analysis. Genome Res 10:1451–1455. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.4086505
Kates M (1986) Techniques of lipidology 2nd edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam (pp 106–107, 241–246)
Kim OS, Cho YJ, Lee K, Yoon SH, Kim M, Na H, Park SC, Jeon YS, Lee JH, Yi H, Won S, Chun J (2012) Introducing EzTaxone: a prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene sequence database with phylotypes that represent uncultured species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62(3):716–721. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.038075-0
Kimura M (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16:111–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581
Kovacs N (1956) Identifcation of Pseudomonas pyocyanea by the oxidase reaction. Nature 178:703703. https://doi.org/10.1038/178703a178700
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K (2018) MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35:1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Kyoung Kwon K, Hye OhJ, Yang SH, Seo HS, Lee JH (2015) Alcanivorax gelatiniphagus sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from tidal flat sediments enriched with crude oil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 65:2204–2208. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000244
Lai Q, Wang L, Liu Y, Fu Y, Zhong H, Wang B, Shao Z (2011) Alcanivorax pacificus sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea pyrene-degrading consortium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:1370–1374. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.022368-0
Lai Q, Zhou Z, Li G, Li G, Shao Z (2016) Alcanivorax nanhaiticus sp. nov., isolated from deep sea sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 66:36513655. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001247
Li L, Stoeckert CJ, Roos DS (2003) OrthoMCL: Identification of ortholog groups for eukaryotic genomes. Genome Res 13:2178–2189. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.1224503
Liao X, Lai Q, Yang J, Dong C, Li D, Shao Z (2020) Alcanivorax sediminis sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Pacific Ocean. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 70:4280–4284. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004285
Liu C, Shao Z (2005) Alcanivorax dieselolei sp. nov., a novel alkane-degrading bacterium isolated from sea water and deep-sea sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:1181–1186. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63443-0
Liu J, Ren Q, Zhang Y, Li Y, Tian X, Wu Y, Zhang XH (2019) Alcanivorax profundi sp. nov., isolated from deep seawater of the Mariana Trench. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 69:371–376. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003145
Meier-Kolthoff JP, Klenk H, Göker M (2014) Taxonomic use of DNA G+C content and DNA–DNA hybridization in the genomic age. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 64:352–356. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.1090.056994-056990
Nguyen LT, Schmidt HA, Von HA, Minh BQ (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol 32:268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu1300
Rahul K, Sasikala C, Tushar L, Debadrita R, Ramana CV (2014) Alcanivorax xenomutans sp. nov., a hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium isolated from a shrimp cultivation pond. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 64:3553–3558. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.061168-0
Richter M, Rossellómóra R, Glöckner FO, Peplies J (2015) JSpeciesWS: a web server for prokaryotic species circumscription based on pairwise genome comparison. Bioinformatics 32:929. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv1681
Rivas R, Garcia Fraile P, Peix A, Mateos PF, Martinez Molina E, Velazquez E (2007) Alcanivorax balearicus sp. nov., isolated from Lake Martel. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:1331–1335. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64912-0
Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454
Sasser M (1990) Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids, MIDI Technical Note 101. MIDI Inc., North Newark
Song L, Liu H, Cai S, Huang Y, Zhou Y (2018) Alcanivorax indicus sp. nov., isolated from seawater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 68:3785–3789. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003058
Villa J, Tsuchiya K, Horita M, Natural M, Opina N, Hyakumachi M (2005) Phylogenetic relationships of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex strains from Asia and other continents based on 16S rDNA, endoglucanase, and hrpB gene sequences. J Gen Plant Pathol 71:39–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-004-0156-1
Wei W, Wang KL, Hu XY, Yang S, Zeng CL, Hou ZZ, Liu SK, Cui HL, Zhu L (2021) Phytoactinopolyspora limicola sp. nov., an alkaliphilic actinomycete isolated from a soda alkali-saline soil. Arch Microbiol 203:1367–1374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02134-0
Wu YH, Lai Q, Zhou Z, Qiao N, Liu C, Shao Z (2009) Alcanivorax hongdengensis sp. nov., an alkane-degrading bacterium isolated from surface seawater of the straits of Malacca and Singapore, producing a lipopeptide as its biosurfactant. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59:1474–1479. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.001552-0
Yakimov MM, Golyshin PN, Lang S, Moore ERB, Abraham WR, Lunsdorf H, Timmis KN (1998) Alcanivorax borkumensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new, hydrocarbon-degrading and surfactant-producing marine bacterium. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:339–348. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-48-2-339
Yang S, Li M, Lai Q, Li G, Shao Z (2018) Alcanivorax mobilis sp. nov., a new hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from deep-sea sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 68:1639–1643. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002612
Yokota A, Tamura T, Hasegawa T, Huang LH (1993) Catenuloplanes japonicus gen. nov., sp. nov., nom. rev., a new genus of the order Actinomycetales. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 43:805–812. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-43-4-805
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31770543, 41503068, 31600069), Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD-2018-87) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (BK20150496, BK20150497).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, L., Wang, Y., Ding, Y. et al. Alcanivorax limicola sp. nov., isolated from a soda alkali-saline soil. Arch Microbiol 204, 106 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02638-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02638-3