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The combined effect of stressful factors (temperature and pH) on the expression of biofilm, stress, and virulence genes in Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis and Typhimurium

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Abstract

Salmonella enterica is a major food borne pathogen that creates biofilm. Salmonella biofilm formation under different environmental conditions is a public health problem. The present study was aimed to evaluate the combined effects of stressful factors (temperature and pH) on the expression of biofilm, stress, and virulence genes in Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. In this study, the effect of temperature (2, 8, 22.5, 37, 43 °C) and pH (2.4, 3, 4.5, 6, 6.6) on the expression of biofilm production genes (adr A, bap A), virulence genes (hil A, inv A) and the stress gene (RpoS) of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium was evaluated. The response surface methodology (RSM) approach was used to evaluate the combined effect of the above factors. The highest expression of adr A, bap A, hil A, and RpoS gene for S. Typhimurium was at 22 °C–pH 4.5 (6.39-fold increase), 37 °C–pH 6 (3.92-fold increase), 37 °C–pH 6 (183-fold increase), and 37 °C–pH 3 (43.8-fold increase), respectively. The inv A gene of S. Typhimurium was decreased in all conditions. The adr A, bap A, hil A, inv A, and RpoS gene of S. Enteritidis had the highest expression level at 8 °C–pH 3 (4.09-fold increase), 22 °C–pH 6 (2.71-fold increase), 8 °C pH 3 (190-fold increase), 22 °C–pH 4.5 (9.21-fold increase), and 8 °C–pH 3 (16.6-fold), respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) indicated that the temperature and pH had no significant effect on the expression level of adr A, bap A, hil A, Inv A, and RpoS gene in S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium. The expression of biofilm production genes (adr A, bap A), virulence genes (hil A, inv A) and the stress gene (RpoS) of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium is not directly and exclusively associated with temperature and pH conditions.

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Funding

This study was funded by Kashan University of Medical Sciences with Grant Number 97156.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Fereshteh Badie, Mahmood Saffari, Rezvan Moniri, Ahmad Khorshidi & Mohammad Shayestehpour

  2. Anatomical Science Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Rezvan Moniri

  3. Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Behrang Alani

  4. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Fatemeh Atoof

  5. Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Mohammad Shayestehpour

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  1. Fereshteh Badie
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Correspondence to Ahmad Khorshidi or Mohammad Shayestehpour.

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This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences (IR.KAUMS.NUHEPM.REC.1397.054).

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Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.

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Badie, F., Saffari, M., Moniri, R. et al. The combined effect of stressful factors (temperature and pH) on the expression of biofilm, stress, and virulence genes in Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis and Typhimurium. Arch Microbiol 203, 4475–4484 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02435-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02435-y

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