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Recent advances in gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of bacterial infection

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Abstract

Diagnosis of bacterial infections (BI) is becoming an increasingly difficult task in clinical practice due to their high prevalence and frequency, as well as the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO) reported antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem. BI becomes difficult or impossible to treat when the bacteria acquire immunity against antibiotics. Thus, there is a need for a quick and accurate technique to detect infection. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is an ideal technique for point-of-care testing of a disease or pathological changes inside the human body. In recent years, several LFIA based strips are being used for the detection of BI by targeting specific analytes which may range from the causative bacterium, whole-cell, DNA, or biomarker. Numerous nanoparticles like lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles such as quantum dots, magnetic, ceramic, and metallic nanoparticles (copper, silver gold, iron) are widely being used in the advanced treatment of BI. Out of these gold nanoparticle (AuNPs), is being used for detection BI more effectively than other nanoparticles due to their surface functionalization, extraordinary chemical stability, biorecognition, and signal amplification properties and help to improve in conjugation with capture antibodies, and act as a color marker with unique optical properties on LFIA strips. Herein, a review that provides an overview of the principle of LFIA, how LFIA based strip is developed, and how it is helpful to detect a specific biomarker for bedside detection of the BI.

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Abbreviations

POCT:

Point of care technique

LFIA:

Lateral flow immunoassay

AuNPs:

Gold nanoparticles

PCT:

Procalcitonin

NALFIA:

Nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay

DNA:

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

MLST:

Multilocus sequence typing

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

AP-PCR:

Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction

PFGE:

Pulse field gel electrophoresis

WHO:

World health organization

LMI:

Lower middle income

YLD:

Year loss disability

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene fluoride

SIRS:

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

PES:

Polyethersulphone

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

LOD:

Limits of detection

RPA:

Recombinase polymerase amplification

MCR:

Mobilized colistin resistance

LFSA:

Lateral flow strip assay

SERS:

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering

TRFIA:

Time-resolved immunofluorescent assay

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

BSA:

Bovine albumin serum

PIF:

Powdered infant formula

CAP:

Community-acquired pneumonia

MTB:

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

TC-UPT-LF:

Upconverting phosphor technology-based lateral flow

CFU:

Colony-forming unit

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support from The NorthCap University for providing infrastructure facility and A.S. Ghrera financial support received from Science and Engineering Board 24 (DST), India under the Young Scientist project (YSS/2015/001330).

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Correspondence to Aditya Sharma Ghrera.

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Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.

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Gupta, Y., Ghrera, A.S. Recent advances in gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of bacterial infection. Arch Microbiol 203, 3767–3784 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02357-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02357-9

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