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Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from diseased freshwater goldfish

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Abstract

Goldfish farming gained more attention among the ornamental fishes in aquaculture industry. The occurrence of bacterial infections and further antimicrobial treatment lead to the major crisis of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture. We have isolated diverse enterobacteriaceae groups which affect the goldfish and identified their response towards 46 antimicrobials of 15 different classes. Thirteen significant bacterial isolates such as Edwardsiella tarda, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus penneri, P. hauseri, Enterobacter cloacae, E. cancerogenus, E. ludwigii, Citrobacter freundii, E. coli, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Providencia vermicola were recovered from the infected fish with the Shannon–wiener diversity index of 2.556. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was found to be maximum for P. penneri (0.87) and minimum for C. freundii and E. cloacae (0.22), highlighting the hyper antibiotic selection pressure in the farm. The minimum concentration of antibiotics required to inhibit most of the resistant isolates was found to be > 256 mcg/ml. All the isolates were susceptible towards ciprofloxacin. Plasmid curing and further AMR tests could reveal the location of antibiotic resistance genes mainly as plasmids which determine the large extent of AMR spread through horizontal gene transfer. This study is the first of its kind to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of enterobacteriaceae recovered from goldfish, before and after plasmid curing.

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Funding

The authors thank Director, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow for the support and ICAR National Fellow project (F. No Agri.edn.27/2/2015) for funding and one of the authors, Dr. Preena P. G thanks Department of Science and Technology (SERB) for providing National Postdoctoral Research fellowship (PDF/2017/000378).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre of ICAR-NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, P.O. Number 1603, Kochi, 682018, India

    P. G. Preena, Arathi Dharmaratnam, N. Sundar Raj, S. Arun Raja, Reshma R. Nair & T. Raja Swaminathan

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  1. P. G. Preena
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  2. Arathi Dharmaratnam
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  3. N. Sundar Raj
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  4. S. Arun Raja
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  6. T. Raja Swaminathan
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Contributions

Following contributions had been done by the authors: Conceived of or designed study: PGP and TRS: Performed research: PGP, AD, SRN, ARS and RRN. Data analysis and interpretation: PGP, AD and TRS. Manuscript draft: PGP and TRS. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to P. G. Preena.

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The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Ethics approval

All the experimental challenge procedures in this study (Proposal number: NBFGR/IAEC/2019/0014) were evaluated and approved by Institute Animal ethics Committee (IAEC) of ICAR National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR) (CPCESA Registration No: 909/GO/Re/S/05/CPCSEA dated 09.09.2005 and CPCSEA Ref file No. 25/111/2014-CPCESA dated 05th December 2018) vide approval Number G/IAEC/2019/1 dated 04th October 2019.

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Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.

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Preena, P.G., Dharmaratnam, A., Raj, N.S. et al. Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from diseased freshwater goldfish. Arch Microbiol 203, 219–231 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02021-8

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