Abstract
Microbial inoculants are gaining importance for attaining sustainable agricultural production systems. Nutrient supply capacity of soil is diminishing continuously owing to soil erosions, degradation, deposition of salts, undesirable elements and metals, water scarcity or excess and imbalanced nutrient supply system. Numerous complementary microbial inoculation combinations are contributing immensely in the management of plant nutrients by way of fixation, solubilization or transformation in soil. Thus, biological wastes and microbial inoculants are alternatives for nutrient demands to bridge future gaps in. A consortium of microorganisms provides enabling and congenial option to maintain their usable capacity for sufficient durations that heads to the positive impact on the microbial activity of soil for desired activities at the target sites. Increased application of agro-chemicals results in deleterious effect on biological system and dependence of future agriculture on these will lead to deterioration in soil health, threats of pollution of water bodies and cumulative effect of these is making production system highly vulnerable and unstable consequently leading to heavy load on the fiscal system. To ameliorate negative impacts, microorganisms are strongly emerging as alternatives for conserving productive capacity for sustainable productions and financial balance of economies. Microbial inoculants that have assumed definite and significant roles for their specificity and necessity and their use in various combinations have emerged as viable and sustainable options to maintain and even enrich the soil health. Since these microbial inoculants are used under varied farming situations and diverse climates with heterogeneous management skills, their efficacies under field conditions remain variable. Thus, it is never-ending process to identify solutions for constraints and application difficulties and further identify newer microbial inoculants for unexplored areas. Adequate timely and quality access of these inoculants to end users is equally important along with developing their skills to utilize these for witnessing desirable and visible impacts.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albrechtova J, Latr A, Nedorost L, Pokluda R, Posta K, Vosatka M (2012) Dual inoculation with mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi applicable in sustainable cultivation improves the yield and nutritive value of onion. Sci World J 2012:1–8
Alvarez MI, Sueldo RJ, Barassi CA (1996) Effect of Azospirillum on coleoptiles growth in wheat seedlings under water stress. Cereal Res Commun 24:101–107
Artursson V, Finlay RD, Jansson JK (2006) Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria and their potential for stimulating plant growth. Environ Microbio 8(1):1–10
Babu-Khan S, Yeo C, Martin WL, Duron MR, Rogers R, Goldstein A (1995) Cloning of a mineral phosphate-solubilizing gene from Pseudomonas cepacia. Appl Environ Microbiol 61(3):972–978
Badr MA, Shafei AM, Sharaf El-Deen SH (2006) The dissolution of K and phosphorus bearing minerals by silicate dissolving bacteria and their effect on sorghum growth. Res J Agric Biol Sci 2(1):5–11
Barrios E (2007) Soil biota, ecosystem services and land productivity. Ecol Econ 64(2):269–285
Berg G (2009) Plant-microbe interactions promoting plant growth and health: perspectives for controlled use of microorganisms in agriculture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 84:11–18
Bhattacharyya PN, Jha DK (2012) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 28:1327–1350
Brahmaprakash GP, Sahu PK (2012) Biofertilizers for Sustainability. J Indian Inst Sci 92(1):37–62
Canbolat MY, Bilen S, Çakmakç R, Şahin F, Aydin A (2006) Effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria and soil compaction on barley seedling growth, nutrient uptake, soil properties and rhizosphere microflora. Biol Fertil Soils 42:350–357
Caravaca F, Hernandez T, Garcia C, Roldan A (2002) Improvement of rhizosphere aggregate stability of afforested semiarid plant species subjected to mycorrhizal inoculation and compost addition. Geoderma 108:133–144
Cassan F, Diaz-Zorita M (2016) Azospirillum sp. in current agriculture: From the laboratory to the field. Soil Biol Biochem 103:117–130
Cavalcante VA, Dobereiner J (1988) A new acid tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with sugarcane. Plant Soil 108(1):23–31
Clark RB, Zeto SK (2000) Mineral acquisition by arbuscular mycor-rhizal plants. J Plant Nutr 23(7):867–902
Compant S, Duffy B, Nowak J, Clement C, Barka EA (2005) Use of plant growth-promoting bacteria for biocontrol of plant diseases: principles, mechanisms of action and future prospects. Appl Environ Microbiol 71(9):4951–4959
Creus CM, Sueldo RJ, Barassi CA (1997) Shoot growth and water status in Azospirillum-inoculated wheat seedlings grown under osmotic and salt stresses. Plant Physiol Biochem 35:939–944
Creus CM, Sueldo RJ, Barassi CA (1998) Water relations in Azospirillum inoculated wheat seedlings under osmotic stress. Can J Bot 76(2):238–244
Dobbelaere S, Vanderleyden J, Okon Y (2003) Plant growth promoting effects of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere. Crit Rev Plant Sci 22(2):107–149
Egamberdiyeva D, Hoflich G (2002) Root colonization and growth promotion of winter wheat and pea by Cellulomonas spp. at different temperatures. J Plant Growth Reg 38(3):219–224
Ehteshamul Haque SRY, Gaffar A (1993) Use of rhizobia in the control of root rot diseases of sunflower, okra, soybean and mung-bean. J Phytopathol 138:157–163
Elad Y, Chet I, Katan J (1980) Trichoderma harzianum: a bicontrol agent effective against Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology 70(2):119–121
Essa AMM, Ibrahim WM, Mahmud RM, ElKassim NA (2015) Potential impact of cyanobacterial exudates on seed germination and antioxidant enzymes of crop plant seedlings. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 4(6):1010–1024
Estrada P, Mavingui P, Cournoyer B, Fontaine F, Balandreau J, Caballero-Mellado J (2002) A N2-fixing endophytic Burkholderia sp. associated with maize plants cultivated in Mexico. Can J Microbiol 48(4):285–294
FAO (1982) Application of nitrogen-fixing systems in soil improvement and management. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAO Soils Bull 49, Rome.
Gianinazzi S, Gollotte A, Binet MN, Van Tuinen D, Redecker D, Wipf D (2010) Agroecology: the key role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in ecosystem services. Mycorrhiza 20(8):519–530
Gianinazzi S, Vosatka M (2003) Inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for production systems: science meets business. Can J Bot 82(8):1264–1271
Gopalkrishnan S, Sathya A, Vijayabharathi RK, Laxmipati Gowda CL, Krishnamurthy L (2015) Plant growth promoting rhizobia: challenges and opportunities. Biotechnol 5(4):355–377
Graham RD (2008) Micronutrient deficiencies in crops and their global significance. In: Alloway BJ (ed) Micronutrient deficiencies in global crop production. Springer, New York, pp 41–61
Gryndler M, Vosátka M, Hršelová H, Catská V, Chvátalová I, Jansa J (2002) Effect of dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria on growth and mineral nutrition of strawberry. J Plant Nutr 25(6):1341–1358
Henri F, Laurette FN, Annette D, John Q, Wolfgang M, François-Xavier E, Dieudonné N (2008) Solubilization of inorganic phosphates and plant growth promotion by strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from acidic soils of Cameroon. Afric J Microbiol Res 2:171–178
Hinsinger P, Brauman A, Devau N, Gerard F, Jourdan C, Laclau JP, Le Cadre E, Jaillard B, Plassard C (2011) Acquisition of phosphorus and other poorly mobile nutrients by roots. Where do plant nutrition models fail? Plant Soil 348(1–2):29–61
Holguin G, Bashan Y (1996) Nitrogen-fixation by Azospirillum brasilense Cd is promoted when co-cultured with a mangrove rhizosphere bacterium (Staphylococcus sp.). Soil Biol Biochem 28(12):1651–1660
Janouskova M, Krak K, Caklova P, Vosatka M, Storchova H (2012) Intraradical dynamics of two coexisting isolates of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices sensu lato as estimated by real-time PCR of Mitochondrial DNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 78(10):3630–3637
Katyal JC, Rattan RK (1993) Distribution of zinc in Indian soils. Fertilizer News 38(6):15–26
Khan MS, Zaidi A, Wani PA (2007) Role of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture—a review. Agron Sustain Dev 27:29–43
Kim KY, Jordan D, Krishnan HB (1997) Rahnella aqualitis, a bacterium isolated from soybean rhizosphere, can solubilize hydroxyapatite. FEMS Microbiol Lett 153(2):273–277
Kim KY, Jordan D, McDonald GA (1998) Effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on tomato growth and soil microbial activity. Biol Fertil Soils 26:79–87
Kizilkaya R (2008) Yield response and nitrogen concentrations of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum strains. Ecol Engg 33(2):150–156
Kumari KS, Padma Devi SN, Vasandha S (2016) Zinc solubilizing bacterial isolates from the agricultural fields of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Curr Sci 110(2):196–205
Madhaiyan M, Saravananb VS, Silba DB, Jovic S, Leea H, Thenmozhid R, Harie K, Saa T (2004) Occurrence of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in tropical and subtropical plants of Western Ghats, India. Microbiol Res 159(3):233–243
Mahdi SS, Hassan GI, Samoon SA, Rather HA, Dar SA, Zehra B (2010) Biofertilizers in organic agriculture. J Phyt 2(10):42–54
Malusá E, Vassilev N (2014) A contribution to set a legal framework for Biofertilizers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98(15):6599–6607
Meena VS, Maurya BR, Verma JP (2014) Does a rhizospheric microorganism enhance K+ availability in agricultural soils? Microbiol Res 169(5–6):337–347
Mehnaz S, Lazarovits G (2006) Inoculation effects of Pseudomonas putida, Gluconacetobacter azotocaptans and Azospirillum lipoferum on corn plant growth under greenhouse conditions. Microbiol Ecol 51(3):326–335
Mia MAB, Shamsuddin ZH (2010) Rhizobium as a crop enhancer and biofertilizer for increased cereal production. Afric J Biotechnol 9(37):6001–6009
Mia MAB, Shamsuddin ZH, Mahmood M (2012) Effects of rhizobia and plant growth promoting bacteria inoculation on germination and seedling vigor of lowland rice. Afric J Biotechnol 11(16):3758–3765
Mirza M, Mehnaz S, Normand P, Prigent-Combaret C, Moenne-Loccoz M, Bally R, Malik KA (2006) Molecular characterization and PCR detection of a nitrogen-fixing Pseudomonas strain promoting rice growth. Biol Fertil Soils 43(2):163–170
Muentz A (1890) Surla decomposition desroches etla formation de la terre arable. CR Acad Sci 110:1370–1372
Muthukumarasamy R, Kang UG, Park KD, Jeon WT, Park CY, Cho YS, Kwon SW, Song J, Roh DH, Revathi G (2007) Enumeration, isolation and identification of diazotrophs from Korean wetland rice varieties grown with long-term application of N and compost and their short-term inoculation effect on rice plants. J Appl Microbiol 102(4):981–991
Nelson E (1988) Biological control of Pythium seed rot and pre-emergence damping-off of cotton with Enterobacter cloacae and Erwinia herbicola applied as seed treatments. Plant Dis 72:140–142
Oehl F, Sieverding E, Ineichen K, Ris EA, Boller T, Wiemken A (2005) Community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at different soil depths in extensively and intensively managed agro ecosystems. New Phytol 165:273–283
Oehl F, Sieverding E, Mader P, Sieverding E, Mader P, Dubois D, Ineichen K, Boller T, Wiemken A (2004) Impact of long-term conventional and organic farming on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Oecologia 138(4):574–583
Ogut M, Er F, Kandemir N (2010) Phosphate solubilization potentials of soil Acinetobacter strains. Biol Fertil Soils 46(7):707–715
Owen D, Williams AP, Griffith GW, Withers PJA (2014) Use of commercial bio-inoculants to increase agricultural production through improved phosphorus acquisition. Appl Soil Ecol 86:41–54
Parmar P, Sindhu SS (2013) Potassium solubilization by rhizosphere bacteria: influence of nutritional and environmental conditions. J Microbiol Res 3(1):25–31
Perner H, Rohn S, Driemel G, Batt N, Schwarz D, Kroh LW, George E (2008) Effect of nitrogen species supply and mycorrhizal colonization on organo sulfur and phenolic compounds in onions. J Agric Food Chem 56(10):3538–3545
Pindi PK, Satyanarayana SDV (2012) Liquid microbial consortium—a potential tool for sustainable soil health. J Biofertil Biopestici 3:124
Raj SA (2007): Bio-fertilizers for micronutrients. Biofertil Newsl pp 8–10.
Rana A, Joshi M, Prasanna R, Shivay YS, Nain L (2012) Biofortification of wheat through inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and cyanobacteria. Eur J Soil Biol 50:118–126
Richardson A, Simpson R (2011) Soil microorganisms mediating phosphorus availability. Plant Physiol 156(3):989–996
Richardson A, Barea J, McNeill A, Prigent-Combaret C (2009) Acquisition of phosphorus and nitrogen in the rhizosphere and plant growth promotion by microorganisms. Plant Soil 321(1–2):305–339
Rivera-Becerril F, Calantzis C, Turnau K, Caussanel JP, Belimov AA, Gianinazzi S, Strasse RJ, Gianinazzi-Pearson V (2002) Cadmium accumulation and buffering of cadmium-induced stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza in three Pisum sativum L. genotypes. J Exp Bot 53:1177–1185
Rodrıguez H, Fraga R, Gonzalez T, Bashan Y (2006) Genetics of phosphate solubilization and its potential applications for improving plant growth-promoting bacteria. Plant Soil 287(1–2):15–21
Schwieger F, Tebbe CC (2000) Effect of field inoculation with Sinorhizobium meliloti L33 on the composition of bacterial communities in rhizospheres of a target plant (Medicago sativa) and a non-target plant (Chenopodium album)—linking of 16S rRNA gene-based single-strand conformation polymorphism community profiles to the diversity of cultivated bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 66(8):3556–3565
Sekhar M, Riotte J, Ruiz L, Jouquet P, Braun JJ (2016) Influences of climate and agriculture on water and biogeochemical cycles: Kabini critical zone observatory. Proc Indian Nat Sci Acad 82:833–846
Sheng XF, Huang WY (2002) Mechanism of potassium release from feldspar affected by the strain NBT of silicate bacterium. Acta Pedol Sin 39(6):863–871
Singh G, Biswas DR, Marwah TS (2010) Mobilization of potassium from waste mica by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and its assimilation by maize (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Plant Nutr 33(8):1236–1251
Singh NK, Chaudhary FK, Patel DB (2013) Effectiveness of Azotobacter bio-inoculant for wheat grown under dryland conditions. J Environ Biol 34(5):927–932
Smith RL, Bouton JH, Schank SC, Quesenberry KH, Tyler ME, Milam JR, Gaskins MH, Littell RC (1976) Nitrogen fixation in grasses inoculated with Spirillum lipoferum. Science 193(4257):1003–1005
Somers E, Ptacek D, Gysegom P, Srinivasan M, Vanderleyden J (2005) Azospirillum brasilense produces the auxin-like phenylacetic acid by using the key enzyme for indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 71(4):1803–1810
Sugumaran P, Janarthanam B (2007) Solubilization of potassium containing minerals by bacteria and their effect on plant growth. World J Agric Sci 3:350–355
Suman A, Gaur A, Shrivastava A, Yadav RL (2005) Improving sugarcane growth and nutrient uptake by inoculating Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. Plant Growth Regul 47(2–3):155–162
Suman A, Shrivastava A, Gaur A, Singh P, Singh J, Yadav RL (2008) Nitrogen use efficiency of sugarcane in relation to its BNF potential and population of endophytic diazotrophs at different N levels. Plant Growth Regul 54(1):1–11
Thomas RJ, Akhtar-Schuster M, Stringer LC, Marques MJ, Escadafal R, Abraham E, Enne G (2012) Fertile ground? Options for a science-policy platform for land. Environ Sci Pollut 16:122–135
Tilak KVBR, Ranganayaki N, Manoharachari C (2006) Synergistic effects of plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria and Rhizobium on nodulation and nitrogen fixation by pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). Eur J Soil Sci 57(1):67–71
Trabelsi M, Mhamdi R (2013) Microbial inoculants and their impact on soil microbial communities—a review. Biomed Res Int 2013:1–11
Transparency Market Research (2014) Biofertilizers (Nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilizing and others) market for seed treatment and soil treatment applications– global industry analysis, size, share, growth, trends and forecast, 2013–2019. Transparency Market Research, Allbany
Vaid SK, Kumar B, Sharma A, Shukla AK, Srivastava PC (2014) Effect of zinc solubilizing bacteria on growth promotion and zinc nutrition of rice. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 14(4):889–910
Vestberg M, Cassells AC, Schubert A, Cordier C, Gianinazzi S (2002) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and micropropagation of high value crops. In: Giananazzi S, Schüepp H, Barea JM, Hasselwandter K (eds) Mycorrhizal technology in agriculture. Birkhäuser Verlag Basel, Switzerland, pp 223–233
Vosatka M, Albrechtova J (2009) Microbial strategies for crop improvement. In: Khan MS, Zaidi A, Musarrat J (eds) Benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to sustainable crop production. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 205–225
Vosátka M, Dodd JC (2002) Ecological considerations for successful application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum. In: Gianinazzi S, Schuepp H, Barea JM, Haselwandter K (eds) Mycorrhizal technology in agriculture. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, pp 235–248
Wakelin SA, Warren RA, Harvey PR, Ryder MH (2004) Phosphate solubilization by Penicillium spp. closely associated with wheat roots. Biol Fertil Soils 40(1):36–43
Whipps JM (2001) Microbial interactions and biocontrol in the rhizosphere. J Exp Bot 52(Suppl 1):487–511
WHO (2002) The World Health Report- reducing risks, promoting healthy life. WHO, Geneva, p 168
Wu SC, Caob ZH, Lib ZG, Cheunga KC, Wonga MH (2005) Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial. Geoderma 125:155–166
Yadav AK, Chandra K (2014) Mass production and quality control of microbial inoculants. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 80(2):483–489
Zahra MK, Monib MS, Abdel-AI Heggo A (1984) Significance of soil inoculation with silicate bacteria. Zentralblatt fur Mickobiologi 139(5):349–357
Zaki K, Misaghi I, Heydari A (1998) Control of cotton seedling damping-off in the field by Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia. Plant Dis 82(3):291–293
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sammauria, R., Kumawat, S., Kumawat, P. et al. Microbial inoculants: potential tool for sustainability of agricultural production systems. Arch Microbiol 202, 677–693 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-019-01795-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-019-01795-w