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Production of indoleacetic acid by strains of the epiphytic bacteria Neptunomonas spp. isolated from the red alga Pyropia yezoensis and the seagrass Zostera marina

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Abstract

Neptunomonas sp. BPy-1 is an epiphytic bacterium isolated from in vitro culture of the red alga Pyropia yezoensis. It uses ethanol as a sole carbon source and promotes the growth of host alga. A related bacterium, Neptunomonas sp. BZm-1, was isolated from leaves of Zostera marina found in the Yatsushiro Sea (Japan). BZm-1 showed 99% 16S rRNA sequence identity with Neptunomonas sp. BPy-1. Similar to BPy-1, BZm-1 grew in artificial seawater (ASW) medium containing ethanol or butanol. When thalli were treated with a multi-enzyme cleaner, the growth of treated thalli was retarded, but the addition of BZm-1 to the medium promoted growth. To explore the benefits of epiphytic bacteria, indoleacetic acid (IAA) production by isolated bacteria was examined under conditions of limited nutrients. Salkowski assays and GC-MS analysis revealed that both BZm-1 and BPy-1 excreted IAA during growth in ASW medium containing glucose or ethanol in the presence of tryptophan. In ASW medium containing tryptophan but lacking a carbon source, neither isolate grow, but produced IAA. ASW medium includes nitrate as the sole nitrogen source. In the absence of carbon source, different nitrogen forms in the presence of tryptophan did not affect IAA production by the two isolates. These findings indicate that IAA production by the two isolates is strictly dependent on tryptophan but less affected by carbon and nitrogen sources. Based on the different origins of BPy-1 and BZm-1, this mode of IAA production seems to be conserved among relatives of BPy-1.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. T. Masuda, Dr. K. Morimoto, Dr. Y. Henmi, and Mr. H. Murata for collecting Z. marina leaves. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant numbers 25440158, 26117720, 15K07130, and 22580203. M.L. Handayani was supported by Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of National Education Indonesia (DIKTI) scholarship. In addition, thanks go to Dr. K. Takikawa, a director of the Yatsushiro Sea project for their financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan

    Ryuya Matsuda, Midia Lestari Handayani, Hiroyuki Sasaki & Susumu Takio

  2. Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan

    Katsuaki Takechi & Hiroyoshi Takano

  3. Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan

    Hiroyoshi Takano

  4. Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan

    Susumu Takio

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  1. Ryuya Matsuda
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  2. Midia Lestari Handayani
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  4. Katsuaki Takechi
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Correspondence to Susumu Takio.

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Communicated by Yusuf Akhter.

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Matsuda, R., Handayani, M.L., Sasaki, H. et al. Production of indoleacetic acid by strains of the epiphytic bacteria Neptunomonas spp. isolated from the red alga Pyropia yezoensis and the seagrass Zostera marina . Arch Microbiol 200, 255–265 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-017-1439-1

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