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Analysis of new optimization technique MGO tuned FOIPDF controller in load frequency control

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Abstract

In this work, a new optimisation technique called Mountain Gazelle Optimizer (MGO) has been applied to optimise the parameters of the proposed Fractional-Order Integrated Proportional Derivative with Filter (FOIPDF) controller. For a realistic analysis of load frequency control, a Multi-Area Multi-Source (MAMS) system that includes thermal, hydro, and gas-based plants has been taken into consideration. This system includes uncertainties and different constraints, such as the Governor Dead Band and Generation Rate Constraints. In addition, renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar and wind power plants have been analysed to evaluate the impact of their fluctuating power supply on the grid’s frequency deviation. By evaluating the convergence curve, peak overshoot, peak undershoot, settling time, rise time, and integral of time multiplied squared error (ITSE), the FOIPDF controller tuned MGO technique demonstrates superior performance to alternative optimisation methods (Archimedes Optimisation Algorithm (AOA), Whale Optimisation Algorithm (WOA), and Grey Wolf Optimisation (GWO)). As a result, by optimising the FOIPDF controller using MGO, the ITSE value, which is a performance indicator, is decreased by 83.04%, 96.63%, and 41.79% when compared to the optimisation of the FOIPDF controller using AOA, WOA, and GWO, respectively. Furthermore, when considering a specific example, the utilisation of MGO leads to a notable enhancement in the time required for settling frequency variations in area-1, area-2, and tie-line power, with improvements of 18.26%, 8.73%, and 47.56% accordingly, compared to the outcomes achieved by the implementation of GWO. The proposed FOIPDF exhibited superior performance in normalising frequency deviation and tie line power when compared to other controllers such as Fractional Order PID (FOPID), Tilt Integral Derivative (TID), and PID. The results of the simulation suggest that the MGO-based FOIPDF controller significantly improves the frequency and tie-line power deviation of the system in the presence of various load disturbances, incorporation of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind and solar, sensitivity and stability analysis. Moreover, the effectiveness of the MGO-tuned controllers is verified by conducting tests in hardware in loop (HIL) mode using OPAL-RT.

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  1. National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, India

    Anil Kumar, Saurabh Chanana & Amit Kumar

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  1. Anil Kumar
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Author 1 carried out the simulation works, prepared figures and tables presented in the manuscript and wrote the main manuscript text. Author 2 and Author 3 supervised and reviewed the simulation works and the main manuscript text. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Anil Kumar.

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Kumar, A., Chanana, S. & Kumar, A. Analysis of new optimization technique MGO tuned FOIPDF controller in load frequency control. Electr Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-024-02441-5

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