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Emergency load shedding to maintain line flows in presence of WTDFIG using modified crow search algorithm

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Abstract

This paper describes a novel algorithm for line overload alleviation with minimum load curtailment in the presence of wind turbine doubly fed induction generator (WTDFIG). Emergency conditions may arise due to predicted load in the next interval or outage of a transmission line. Selection of load buses for load shedding has been identified by sensitivities of severity index. Bounds on bus voltages have been considered in addition to line flow limits. Crow search algorithm (CSA) modified with Lampnien’s criterion to account inequality constraints has been employed to obtain optimal solution of the formulated problem. A significant increase in electric vehicles (EVs) is observed each year. This, in turn, causes an increase in EV charging substations to meet the load demand. In view of this, role of renewable energy sources (RESs) has increased to maintain the continuity of supply to EVs charging substations. The developed algorithm has been implemented on 25-bus and 118-bus standard IEEE test systems. Results have been compared with those obtained using SFLA (shuffled frog leaping algorithm) and CAPSO algorithm based on statistical inferences.

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Abbreviations

\({\text{EV}}\) :

Electric Vehicle

\({\text{RES}}\) :

Renewable Energy Sources

WTDFIG:

Wind Turbine Doubly Fed Induction Generator

\({\text{CSA}}\) :

Crow Search Algorithm

\({\text{SFLA}}\) :

Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm

\({\text{CAPSO}}\) :

Co-ordinated Aggregation-based Particle Swarm Optimization

\({\text{TLBO}}\) :

Teaching Learning-Based Optimization

\({\text{GA}}\) :

Genetic Algorithm

\({\text{DG}}\) :

Distributed Generation

\({\text{SI}}\) :

Severity Index

\({{\text{fl}}}_{{\text{i}}}\) :

Flow in the \({{\text{i}}}\, {{\text{th}}}\) Line

\({{\text{fl}}}_{{\text{i}}}^{{\text{limit}}}\) :

Flow Limit of the \({{{i}}}\,{{{th}}}\) Line

\({\text{SOL}}\) :

Set of Overload Line

\({\text{OF}}\) :

Objective Function

\({{\text{DPD}}}_{{\text{k}}}^{{\text{max}}}\) :

Permissible Load Shed at the \({{{k}}}\, {{{th}}}\) Bus

\({\text{Mom}}\) :

Memory of Crow

\({\text{Fl}}\) :

Flight Length

\({\text{APR}}\) :

Awareness Probability

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information Technology, Acropolis Institute of Technology and Research, Indore, MP, 453771, India

    Rajesh Arya

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College Banda, AKTU Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, 210201, India

    Pushpendra Singh & Mohd Tauseef Khan

  3. Department of Electronics Engineering, Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Indore, MP, 452001, India

    Pradeep Purey

  4. Department of Electrical Engineering, Government Engineering College, Ujjain, MP, 456010, India

    L. S. Titare

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Contributions

RA helped in conceptualization, supervision, grammar checking, and validation. PS helped in formal analysis, conceptualization, supervision, methodology, investigation, optimization, software, and writing—review and editing. PP contributed to writing—review and editing and validation. MTK contributed to writing—review and editing, grammar checking, and validation. LST worked in supervision, investigation, and writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Pushpendra Singh.

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Arya, R., Singh, P., Purey, P. et al. Emergency load shedding to maintain line flows in presence of WTDFIG using modified crow search algorithm. Electr Eng 106, 1425–1452 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-023-02178-7

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