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Three-phase and single-phase measurement of overhead power line capacitance evaluation

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Abstract

Accurate electrical parameters of the overhead power lines are essential inputs for industry (protection relays settings, power flow calculations, grid stability estimation) and scientific studies (simulation models in general). While impedance measurements of overhead power lines are common today, capacitance measurements are mostly insufficiently documented and examined. The impedance of the power line was covered by the authors’ collective in their previous work. In contrast, the capacitance of the power line estimated by the standard offline measurement is discussed in detail in this paper. Capacitance measurement on actual extra-high-voltage (EHV) overhead power lines is compared with the simulation of such measurement and the typical capacitance of overhead power lines computations. The shunt capacitance theory is explained in detail, transforming from the phase quantities to the symmetrical components. The measurement apparatus is described, together with the safety precautions essential to assess and maintain. Step-by-step capacitance estimation from the actual measured quantities is introduced in detail. In conclusion, the simulation and the physical measurement results were nearly identical, and the comparison with the calculation showed some minor discrepancies, which are also discussed. This article, therefore, represents a comparison of unique actual measurement data obtained using different methodologies compared to the very detailed simulation model, which is nearly non-existent in the current academic papers. Furthermore, the measurement methods M1 and M2 are the authors’ original addition to existing methodologies.

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Notes

  1. The first index value of current indicates the phase which induced current on the phase of the second index value.

  2. This conductor has no alternative nomenclature according to the EN 50812 [36].

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Applied Precision Ltd. Company for renting out the device Reference Standard RS 3330E for free. The device was used for measuring of the frequency characteristics of appliances concerning this project—appliedp.com. We also would like to thank the electricity distribution company Stredoslovenská distribučná, a.s. for the opportunity to verify our apparatus for measuring the capacitance of overhead power lines. The measuring equipment was tested for measuring power lines in distribution company administration—www.ssd.sk/en.

Funding

This publication was created thanks to support under the Operational Program Integrated Infrastructure for the project: International Center of Excellence for Research on Intelligent and Secure Information and Communication Technologies and Systems—II. stage, ITMS code: 313021W404, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 3, 81 219, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Matej Cenký, Jozef Bendík, Boris Cintula, Peter Janiga, Anton Beláň & Žaneta Eleschová

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  1. Matej Cenký
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  2. Jozef Bendík
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  3. Boris Cintula
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Correspondence to Jozef Bendík.

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Appendices

Appendix

Specifications of the OPL

More detailed information about the OPL is to be found here. All the dimensions in the Figures are in mm, except explicitly written otherwise. Every tower design is for the basic height standardization “ + 0”. Positions of the phase conductors is noted with red circles while ground wires are noted with green circles.

Towers’ geometry

See Figs. 

Fig. 15
figure 15

Details of the tower type “Cat” used in the measured OPL

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15,

Fig. 16
figure 16

Details of the tower type “Y” used in the measured OPL

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16 and

Fig. 17
figure 17

Details of the tower type “Y” used in the measured OPL

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17, spacing units mm.

Phase conductor/ground wires types

Phase conductors used on the OPL are bundled from 3 single conductors, which is noted in text as “1 × 3x3x”—meaning 1 circuit, 3 phases and 3 single conductors per bundle—which is the standard notation in the Slovak Republic.

See Table

Table 10 Specific properties of the phase conductors
Full size table

10

The cross-sectional area of the phase conductor also with the AC resistance is not influencing the capacitance of the OPL; however, they are mentioned here for creating a more complete picture.

See Table

Table 11 Specific properties of the ground wires
Full size table

11

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Cenký, M., Bendík, J., Cintula, B. et al. Three-phase and single-phase measurement of overhead power line capacitance evaluation. Electr Eng 105, 1045–1065 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-022-01714-1

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