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Observer-based adaptive control and stabilization of grid-tied inverters under PLL nonlinearities and weak grid

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Abstract

In a distributed generation system, the nonlinear dynamics of a grid-interfaced inverter (GII) cause dynamic instability and power quality issues. Because traditional linear approaches rely on parametric fluctuations in controller parameters, adequate tuning is required. Some of the foregoing issues can be addressed using feedback and feedforward damping methods, but they require extra sensors and are ineffective in maintaining resilience against grid impedance variations and system parametric changes. Due to the digital control delay, they also add negative damping in a given frequency band, resulting in non-minimum phase behavior. The suggested control solution adds an observer-based adaptive control architecture to the existing inverter control. The concept of an energy function is used to depict grid dynamics at the GII terminals. On this dynamic energy signal, the nonlinear function will act to derive an ideal control parameter for the enhanced control algorithm. The proposed algorithm, which considers the system’s nonlinearities, provides more robustness amid high- and medium-frequency grid dynamics, as demonstrated by simulation and experimental studies.

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Abbreviations

GII:

Grid-interfaced inverter

FD:

Frequency domain

TD:

Time domain

O/P-Y:

Output admittance

Grid-Z:

Grid impedance

HPF:

High-pass filter

CLTF:

Closed-loop transfer function

PCC:

Point of common coupling

ICC:

Inverter current control

GCC:

Grid current control

PLL:

Phase lock loop

PWM:

Pulse width modulation

PR:

Proportional resonant

CC:

Current controller

P:

Active power

Q:

Reactive power

ICC:

Inverter current control

GCC:

Grid current control

VSC:

Voltage source converter

SCR:

Short circuit ratio

PM:

Phase margin

PT:

Passivity theory

SRF:

Synchronous reference frame

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra-Ranchi, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India

    Rajdip Debnath, Gauri Shanker Gupta & Deepak Kumar

Authors
  1. Rajdip Debnath
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  2. Gauri Shanker Gupta
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  3. Deepak Kumar
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Correspondence to Gauri Shanker Gupta.

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Debnath, R., Gupta, G.S. & Kumar, D. Observer-based adaptive control and stabilization of grid-tied inverters under PLL nonlinearities and weak grid. Electr Eng 105, 905–919 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-022-01705-2

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