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Voltage unbalance mitigation with space vector-based PN-sequence control scheme of inverter-interfaced DGs considering demand-side management capability

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Abstract

A microgrid, particularly one that is islanded, is highly sensitive to the problems of voltage and frequency variations. The voltage and frequency deviations in the power system are caused due to the mismatches in its active and reactive power, leading to power quality problems. One of the significant reasons for issues in the microgrid’s power quality is voltage unbalance. A microgrid might experience voltage unbalance due to the unequal load distribution among the three phases. This paper addresses issue of unbalancing in the system by coordinating positive and negative sequence (PN-sequence) controllers of inverter-interfaced distributed generations (DGs) in an islanded microgrid. Although, particularly in islanded microgrids, independent control of distributed generations for mitigating voltage unbalance is not a feasible solution. Hence, voltage unbalance factor mitigation is achieved by implementing demand-side management through thermostatically controlled devices (TCDs) as a complementary approach to the existing sequence controllers. Moreover, this paper exhibits the coordination of the PN-sequence controller of inverter-interfaced DGs and TCDs on a standard IEEE benchmark-33 bus test system to show its benefit in maintaining the voltage unbalance factor within the standard limit of 2% as per International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61000-3-13 norms in any extensive system. The performance of the proposed control strategy has been analyzed and validated considering different unbalanced loading conditions, which are time-varying as well as involving TCDs. The testing of the islanded microgrid involving coordinated control strategy along with small signal stability analysis has been executed on the MATLAB/Simulink platform.

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Abbreviations

PN:

Positive and negative

DGs:

Distributed generations

IEC:

International electrotechnical commission

VSIs:

Voltage source inverters

DSM:

Demand-side management

PCC:

Point of common coupling

MG:

Microgrid

VU:

Voltage unbalance

VUF:

Voltage unbalance factor

TCDs:

Thermostatically controlled devices

NS:

Negative sequence

PS:

Positive sequence

DVRs:

Dynamic voltage restorers

STATCOMs:

Static synchronous compensators

LVRT:

Low-voltage ride-through

APF:

Active power filter

WECS:

Wind energy conversion system

DFIG:

Doubly fed induction generator

MPC:

Model predictive control

LV:

Low voltage

ACS:

Automatic commutation switch

CPLs:

Constant power loads

ZS:

Zero sequence

ASDs:

Adjustable speed drives

LPF:

Low-pass filter

NF:

Notch filter

BESS:

Battery energy storage systems

MPPT:

Maximum power point tracking

ZIP:

Constant impedance, constant current, constant power

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, India

    Nada Ali

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

    Deepak Kumar

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  1. Nada Ali
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Ali, N., Kumar, D. Voltage unbalance mitigation with space vector-based PN-sequence control scheme of inverter-interfaced DGs considering demand-side management capability. Electr Eng 105, 883–903 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-022-01704-3

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