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RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection

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Abstract

Microgrids (MGs) are low-to-medium voltage networks that consist of local loads, distributed generators (DGs), renewables and storage elements. It operates either in stand-alone mode or grid-connected mode when connected to the utility grid. The amount of the fault current in grid-connected mode is higher than that of the autonomous mode of operation. To mitigate the effect of fault current for the protection of the MG, the threshold setting of the overcurrent relay as per the operating mode is a critical challenge. In this article, a prototype of a communication-assisted adaptive relay (CAAR) is developed on a field-programmable gate array, i.e., FPGA. The CAAR can adapt the threshold settings of the relay as per the operating modes of the MG. The status of these modes and the working status of the DGs are communicated through the wireless network using nRF24L01 wireless radio transceiver that supports Enhanced ShockBurst protocol. Performances of the prototype have been verified as hardware-in-loop with the MG test system developed in the real-time digital simulator. Various test cases, i.e., operating modes of the MG, under various fault conditions, and relay coordination are considered to validate the performance of the developed CAAR’s prototype to ensure the accurate operation and protection of the MG.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amravati, Andhra Pradesh, India

    Praveen Kumar

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India

    Vishal Kumar & Rajendra Pratap

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  1. Praveen Kumar
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  2. Vishal Kumar
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  3. Rajendra Pratap
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Kumar, P., Kumar, V. & Pratap, R. RT-HIL verification of FPGA-based communication-assisted adaptive relay for microgrid protection. Electr Eng 104, 1277–1287 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-021-01387-2

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