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Design and implementation of fault tolerant fractional order controllers for the output power of self-excited induction generator

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Abstract

In this paper, a static volt-ampere-reactive compensator (SVC) composed of fixed capacitor-thyristor controlled reactor (FC-TCR) is employed to regulate the terminal voltage of self-excited induction generator (SEIG) in the purpose of controlling the output power. In addition, the speed of the generator is adjusted by robust proportional-integral-derivative (PID) in order to regulate the frequency. Fractional order PID (FOPID) and Tilt-PID (T-PID) controllers are proposed to adjust the triggering angle of FC-TCR. The objectives of the paper are to design the optimal voltage controller with a robust PID frequency controller and to maintain the output power at a desired level in case of voltage sensor faults. In this regards, nonlinear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) and small signal models of the SEIG are constructed where triggering angle and generator speed are inputs, whereas terminal voltage and frequency are outputs, respectively. Training of the NARX model is achieved with a high regression value (R2 = 0.99) where the accuracy of the small signal voltage model is 82%. After comparing the accuracy of the models, NARX-based fault detection architecture and fault tolerant controller are designed in order to avoid incorrect control of the output power. To establish the effectiveness of proposed fault tolerant controllers, simulation studies are conducted using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The designed controllers are performed experimentally on three-phase 5.5 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz, balanced loaded SEIG to confirm the effectiveness. The system is tested with proposed controllers under the healthy sensor, faulty sensor and dynamic reference conditions. Results give good agreement with simulation results and designed fault tolerant T-PID controller performs better tracking dynamics with small deviations whether the voltage sensor is faulty or not.

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Acknowledgement

Corresponding author was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) 2211-E program. The authors also would like to thank Prof. M. Sedraoui for the useful discussion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey

    Haris Calgan & Metin Demirtas

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  1. Haris Calgan
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Correspondence to Haris Calgan.

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Appendix

Appendix

SEIG parameters

Power (Pn)

5.5 kW

Rated voltage (Vn)

400 V

Rated current (In)

11.2 A

Rated speed (Nn)

1465 r/min

Frequency (fn)

50 Hz

cosineφ

0.79

Stator resistance (R1)

0.90 \(\Omega \)

Rotor resistance (R2)

0.61 \(\Omega \)

Stator reactance (X1)

1.50 \(\Omega \)

Rotor reactance (X2)

4.20 \(\Omega \)

Rotor Inertia (J)

0.038 kg·m2

Friction Factor (B)

0.00051 N·m·s

Pole Pairs

2

IM parameters

Power (Pn)

7.5 kW

Rated voltage (Vn)

400 V

Rated current (In)

13.3 A

Rated speed (Nn)

2930 r/min

Frequency (fn)

50 Hz

cosineφ

0.90

Pole Pairs

1

PSO Options

Function tolerance

1e-6

Inertia range

[0.1,1.1]

Initial swarm span

2000

Max iteration

1000

Max stall iterations

20

Max stall time

Inf

Max time

Inf

Min neighbors fraction

0.25

Objective limit

-Inf

Self-adjustment weight

1.49

Social adjustment weight

1.49

Swarm size

[100, 10*number of variables]

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Calgan, H., Demirtas, M. Design and implementation of fault tolerant fractional order controllers for the output power of self-excited induction generator. Electr Eng 103, 2373–2389 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-021-01242-4

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