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Analysis and validation of mathematical morphology filters for single-ended fault localization in VSC-HVDC links

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Abstract

Fast and accurate fault detection and localization are important topics in voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current transmission (VSC-HVDC) grids in order to isolate the fault after the first milliseconds of occurrence. Common signal processing methods used for detecting fault traveling wave (TW) peaks like Fourier transform, S-transform and wavelet-based techniques transform the signal into the frequency domain, requiring complicated computations. In this paper, the application of mathematical morphology (MM)-based filters for detecting and locating faults in VSC-HVDC links is studied. MM-based methods analyze the signal in the time domain and detect the wave peaks accurately. Multiple MM-based filters resulted from basic MM operators are presented and used for TW-based fault study in VSC-HVDC grids. Several fault cases are applied to the CIGRE VSC-HVDC model in PSCAD, and the MM-based scripts are written in MATLAB. The impact of different sizes and types of the structuring elements on the accuracy of peak detection is analyzed. The results show the accuracy of MM filters for detecting and locating fault transient in VSC-HVDC links. The proposed method gives accurate results for both low-impedance and high-impedance faults.

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Abbreviations

\(I_p, I_n\) :

Positive and negative pole currents.

\(i_0, i_1\) :

Ground and conductor modal currents.

v :

Modal velocity.

f :

Frequency of cable calculations.

\(\varLambda _{k}\) :

Propagation constant.

d :

Determined cable location.

\(L_t\) :

Total transmission length.

\(t_i^R\), \(t_i^L\) :

The ith peak arrival time for the right and left sides, respectively.

f(n), g(n):

Input signal and the structuring element, respectively.

\(\delta _g\) , \(\in _g\) :

Dilation and erosion of the structuring element g.

\(op_g\) , \(cl_g\) :

Opening and closing for the structuring element g.

\(\varPsi (f)\) :

Morphological median filter for de-noising function f.

MG(f):

Morphological gradient for function f.

MMG(f):

Multi-resolution morphological gradient for function f.

SMMG(f):

Series multi-resolution morphological gradient for function f.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 111, 1-109- 9220, Aalborg, Øst, Denmark

    Mani Ashouri

  2. Pontoppidanstræde 111, 1-110- 9220, Aalborg, Øst, Denmark

    Filipe Faria da Silva

  3. Pontoppidanstræde 111, 1-102- 9220, Aalborg, Øst, Denmark

    Claus Leth Bak

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  1. Mani Ashouri
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  3. Claus Leth Bak
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Correspondence to Mani Ashouri.

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Ashouri, M., Faria da Silva, F. & Leth Bak, C. Analysis and validation of mathematical morphology filters for single-ended fault localization in VSC-HVDC links. Electr Eng 103, 1583–1596 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-020-01186-1

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