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Voltage distortion in LED street lighting installations

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Abstract

The paper considers two power quality issues: voltage distortion and voltage drop along the pole lines of different LED street (road) lighting installations. The research includes three parts: (1) development of a novel model and the corresponding software for calculating voltage harmonics in the three-phase LED street lighting installations, where the load is nonsymmetrical and nonlinear. The model is based on the application of symmetrical components and the impedance per phase model. (2) Experiments on two sections of a pilot street lighting installation, one with 6 poles with neutral white and the other with 5 poles with warm white LED luminaires (the former were with conventional, and the latter with improved drivers regarding harmonic emissions). Their results were used to define harmonic characteristics of the LED luminaires and validate the model. (3) The developed software was applied to four typical street (road) lighting installations, two with a single-sided and two with a central pole layout. The major outcome was the determination of the maximum permissible number of the LED luminaires which can be connected to the feeding cable without exceeding any of the limits related to voltage drop, total voltage harmonic distortion and individual voltage harmonics in either the full or reduced street lighting regimes.

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Abbreviations

A, B, C :

Reference frame of the supply voltage system

d, i, 0:

Direct, inverse and zero components

Y h :

System admittance

U DB :

Voltage of equivalent Thevenin generators at the distribution box (distribution cabinet)

R :

Resistance

L :

Inductance

C :

Capacitance

Z t :

Transformer impedance

Z sc :

Impedance of equivalent Thevenin generators at the distribution box

Z si :

Equivalent impedance at the pole i toward the distribution box

h :

Harmonic order

L1:

First luminaire in line

P :

Fundamental active power

Q :

Fundamental reactive power

S :

Fundamental apparent power

S tot :

Total apparent power

D s :

Scattered power

Ψ meas ,h :

Measured current harmonic phase angles of the current source generators in respect to the measured supply fundamental voltage harmonic

θ Pole i , 1 :

The difference between the fundamental voltage phase angle obtained by the fundamental harmonic calculation and the fundamental voltage phase angle measured while determining Ψmeas,h

\({\underset{\_}{I}}_{{N}_{A(h)}}, {\underset{\_}{I}}_{{N}_{B(h)}}, {\underset{\_}{I}}_{{N}_{C(h)}}\) :

Current harmonics of order h in the Nth section of the feeding cable

Z A, Z B, Z C :

Serial 4-wire cable impedances in ABC reference frame

Z AB, Z BC, Z CA :

Mutual 4-wire cable impedances in ABC reference frame

Z d, Z i, Z 0 :

Direct, inverse and zero components of cable impedance

R1, R2, R3:

Lighting regimes

Q0:

Average luminance coefficient

L b :

Bracket length

L lum :

Luminaire length

s :

Pole spacing

H :

Pole height

L av :

Luminance level

LED:

Light-emitting diode

HPM:

High-pressure mercury

MH:

Metal-halide

HPS:

High-pressure sodium

THDi :

Total harmonic current distortion

THDu :

Total harmonic voltage distortion

CCT:

Correlated color temperature

NW:

Neutral white

WW:

Warm white

rms:

Root-mean-square

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Funding

This research was partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant Numbers: TR 36018 and TR 33024).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 73, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Marko Davidovic, Nikola Djordjevic, Jovan Mikulovic, Miomir Kostic & Zoran Radakovic

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  1. Marko Davidovic
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  2. Nikola Djordjevic
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  3. Jovan Mikulovic
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  4. Miomir Kostic
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  5. Zoran Radakovic
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Correspondence to Zoran Radakovic.

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Davidovic, M., Djordjevic, N., Mikulovic, J. et al. Voltage distortion in LED street lighting installations. Electr Eng 103, 2161–2180 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-020-01181-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-020-01181-6

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