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Distal radius fractures and risk of incident neurocognitive disorders in older adults: a retrospective cohort study

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Abstract

Introduction

Distal radius fractures (DRF) are associated with increased risk of subsequent fractures and physical decline in older adults. This study aims to evaluate the risk cognitive decline following DRF and potential for timely screening and intervention.

Methods

A cohort of 1046 individuals 50–75 years of age with DRF were identified between 1995 and 2015 (81.5% female; mean age 62.5 [± 7.1] years). A control group (N = 1044) without history of DRF was matched by age, sex, and fracture date (i.e., index). The incidence of neurocognitive disorders (NCD) in relation to DRF/index was determined. Group comparisons were adjusted by age and comorbidity measured by the Elixhauser index.

Results

The DRF group had a greater incidence of NCD compared to the control group (11.3% vs. 8.2%) with a 56% greater relative risk (HR = 1.56, 95% Cl: 1.18, 2.07; p = 0.002) after adjusting for age and comorbidity. For every 10-year age increase, the DRF group was over three times more likely to develop a NCD (HR = 3.23, 95% Cl: 2.57, 4.04; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

DRF in adults ages 50 to 75 are associated with increased risk of developing neurocognitive disorders. DRF may represent a sentinel opportunity for cognitive screening and early intervention.

Summary

Distal radius fractures (DRF) have been associated with greater risk of future fractures and physical decline. This study reports that DRF are also associated with greater risk of developing neurocognitive disorders in older adults. Timely intervention may improve early recognition and long-term outcomes for older adults at risk of cognitive decline.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the following: The Mayo Clinic and Karolinska Institutet Collaborative Travel Award, Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCaTS) Grant UL1TR002377, Rochester Epidemiology Project Grant PO1 AG04875-31, and The National Institute on Aging Grant R01 AG034676. This study was sponsored by a Mayo Clinic Department of Psychiatry and Psychology small grant award and a Mayo Clinic-Karolinska Institutet travel award.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Joshua M. Baruth & Maria I. Lapid

  2. Dept. of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Bart Clarke

  3. Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Alexander Y. Shin

  4. Dept. of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Elizabeth J. Atkinson

  5. Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

    Jonas Eberhard

  6. Dept. of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Guido Zavatta

  7. Dept. of Orthopaedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

    Jörgen Åstrand

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  1. Joshua M. Baruth
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  3. Bart Clarke
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Correspondence to Joshua M. Baruth.

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Baruth, J.M., Lapid, M.I., Clarke, B. et al. Distal radius fractures and risk of incident neurocognitive disorders in older adults: a retrospective cohort study. Osteoporos Int 33, 2307–2314 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-022-06497-6

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