Abstract
Summary
Dietary inflammatory index has been associated with bone loss. In this longitudinal study, we reported that changes in dietary inflammatory index were associated with a reduction in bone mineral density of the total hip and femoral neck in males and females ≥ 45 years, but not in individuals < 45 years.
Purpose
Previous studies have suggested that an inflammatory environment can affect bone mineral density (BMD). However, most of the studies have been done in postmenopausal women. Thus, longitudinal studies in different age groups and sex are necessary to evaluate the longitudinal association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and BMD in Mexican adults.
Methods
A total of 1,486 participants of the Health Workers Cohort Study were included in this study. The DII was estimated with data retrieved through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression models for cross-sectional associations and fixed effects linear regression models for longitudinal association were estimated, and both models were stratified by sex and age groups (< 45 and ≥ 45 years).
Results
We did not observe cross-sectional associations between DII and the different BMD sites at baseline. In contrast, women and men ≥ 45 years in the 25th quartile of changes in DII were associated with a gain of 0.067 g/cm2 and 0.062 g/cm2 of total hip BMD, while those in the 75th quartile of DII was associated with a reduction of − 0.108 g/cm2 and − 0.100 g/cm2, respectively. These results were similar for femoral neck BMD in women. In contrast, we did not observe association with femoral neck BMD in men. We did not observe statistically significant changes for lumbar spine BMD.
Conclusion
Our data suggest that changes in the DII score are associated with changes in total hip and femoral neck BMD among Mexican population.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors BR-P and RV-C and upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We express our gratitude to the study participants from the Health Workers Cohort Study, without whom the study would not have been possible.
Funding
This research was funded by the Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT): (Grant numbers: 7876, 87783, 262233, 26267 M, SALUD-2010–01-139796, SALUD-2011–01-161930, and CB-2013–01-221628). YNF was supported by NIH/NCI K07CA197179. RVC was supported by grants from the CONACyT (Grant INFR-2016–01-270405) and partially supported by the Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica project 399–07/2019/I.
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The authors’ contributions were as follows: BRP and RVC designed research; EDG, JS, and YNF provided essential reagents; BRP and RVC conducted research; BRP and ADQS analyzed data; BRP wrote the paper; and RVC, ADQS, AHB, EDG, KRR, GLR, JS, and YNF reviewed and edited the paper. BRP had primary responsibility for final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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All procedures were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the IMSS; all participants provided written informed consent.
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Rivera-Paredez, B., Quezada-Sánchez, A.D., Robles-Rivera, K. et al. Dietary inflammatory index and bone mineral density in Mexican population. Osteoporos Int 33, 1969–1979 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-022-06434-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-022-06434-7