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Fermented dairy products consumption is associated with attenuated cortical bone loss independently of total calcium, protein, and energy intakes in healthy postmenopausal women

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Abstract

Summary

A longitudinal analysis of bone microstructure in postmenopausal women of the Geneva Retirees Cohort indicates that age-related cortical bone loss is attenuated at non-bearing bone sites in fermented dairy products consumers, not in milk or ripened cheese consumers, independently of total energy, calcium, or protein intakes.

Introduction

Fermented dairy products (FDP), including yogurts, provide calcium, phosphorus, and proteins together with prebiotics and probiotics, all being potentially beneficial for bone. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated whether FDP, milk, or ripened cheese consumptions influence age-related changes of bone mineral density (BMD) and microstructure.

Methods

Dietary intakes were assessed at baseline and after 3.0 ± 0.5 years with a food frequency questionnaire in 482 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Geneva Retirees Cohort. Cortical (Ct) and trabecular (Tb) volumetric (v) BMD and microstructure at the distal radius and tibia were assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computerized tomography, in addition to areal (a) BMD and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, at the same time points.

Results

At baseline, FDP consumers had lower abdominal fat mass and larger bone size at the radius and tibia. Parathyroid hormone and β-carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen levels were inversely correlated with FDP consumption. In the longitudinal analysis, FDP consumption (mean of the two assessments) was associated with attenuated loss of radius total vBMD and of Ct vBMD, area, and thickness. There was no difference in aBMD and at the tibia. These associations were independent of total energy, calcium, or protein intakes. For other dairy products categories, only milk consumption was associated with lower decrease of aBMD and of failure load at the radius.

Conclusion

In this prospective cohort of healthy postmenopausal women, age-related Ct bone loss was attenuated at non-bearing bone sites in FDP consumers, not in milk or ripened cheese consumers, independently of total energy, calcium, or protein intakes.

Study registration

ISRCTN11865958 (http://www.isrctn.com)

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Acknowledgments

We are indebted to M.-A. Schaad, RN, and A. Sigaud, RN, for the management of participants, to C. Genet, G. Conicella, and J. Lang for DXA and HR-pQCT measurements and to Dr. P. Lescuyer, PhD, for the serum determinations. We thank the Swiss Foundation for Research on Ageing AETAS for the kind supply of its mobile osteodensitometer. We also thank Roche-Diagnostic, which provided some assay reagents.

Funding

This study received support from the Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Center, Danone and the Yogurt in Nutrition Initiative, and the BNP-Paribas Foundation. None of the funders had any influence on the study design, implementation, and analysis, and on interpretation of the data.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland

    E. Biver, C. Durosier-Izart, F. Merminod, T. Chevalley, S.L. Ferrari & R. Rizzoli

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    B. van Rietbergen

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  1. E. Biver
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  2. C. Durosier-Izart
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Biver.

Ethics declarations

All subjects signed a written informed consent before undergoing a series of interviews and assessments. The study protocol has received the approval from the Geneva University Hospitals’ Ethics Committee.

Conflicts of interest

Emmanuel Biver received a grant from the Yogurt in Nutrition Initiative for this research project. René Rizzoli received fees from Danone, Nestlé, and CNIEL for lectures or advisory boards, outside the submitted work. Bert van Rietbergen is a consultant for Scanco Medical AG, outside the submitted work; Claire Durosier-Izart, Fanny Merminod, Thierry Chevalley, and Serge Ferrari declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Biver, E., Durosier-Izart, C., Merminod, F. et al. Fermented dairy products consumption is associated with attenuated cortical bone loss independently of total calcium, protein, and energy intakes in healthy postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 29, 1771–1782 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4535-4

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