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Is osteoporosis a predictor for future sarcopenia or vice versa? Four-year observations between the second and third ROAD study surveys

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Abstract

Summary

In a 4-year follow-up study that enrolled 1099 subjects aged ≥60 years, sarcopenia prevalence was estimated at 8.2%. Moreover, the presence of osteoporosis was significantly associated with short-term sarcopenia occurrence, but the reciprocal relationship was not observed, suggesting that osteoporosis would increase the risk of osteoporotic fracture and sarcopenia occurrence.

Introduction

The present 4-year follow-up study was performed to clarify the prevalence, incidence, and relationships between sarcopenia (SP) and osteoporosis (OP) in older Japanese men and women.

Methods

We enrolled 1099 participants (aged, ≥60 years; 377 men) from the second survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis against Disability (ROAD) study (2008–2010) and followed them up for 4 years. Handgrip strength, gait speed, skeletal muscle mass, and bone mineral density were assessed. SP was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. OP was defined based on the World Health Organization criteria.

Results

SP prevalence was 8.2% (men, 8.5%; women, 8.0%) in the second survey. In those with SP, 57.8% (21.9%; 77.6%) had OP at the lumbar spine L2–4 and/or femoral neck. SP cumulative incidence was 2.0%/year (2.2%/year; 1.9%/year). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that OP was significantly associated with SP occurrence within 4 years (odds ratio, 2.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.46–6.12; p < 0.01), but the reciprocal relationship was not significantly observed (2.11; 0.59–7.59; p = 0.25).

Conclusions

OP might raise the short-term risk of SP incidence. Therefore, OP would not only increase the risk for osteoporotic fracture but may also increase the risk for SP occurrence.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid funding from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: H17-Men-eki-009 (Director, Kozo Nakamura), H20-Choujyu-009 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), H23-Choujyu-002 (Director, Toru Akune), H25-Choujyu-007 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura), and H25-Nanchitou (Men)-005 (Director, Sakae Tanaka). The study was also supported by Scientific Research grants B26293139, B23390172, and B20390182 and Challenging Exploratory Research grants 15K15219 and 24659317 to Noriko Yoshimura; Scientific Research grants B23390356 and C20591774 and Challenging Exploratory Research grant 23659580 to Shigeyuki Muraki; Challenging Exploratory Research grants 24659666 and 21659349 and Young Scientists A18689031 to Hiroyuki Oka; Scientific Research grants B26293329, B23390357, C20591737 and Challenging Exploratory Research grant 25670293 to Toru Akune; and Collaborating Research with NSF from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology in Japan 08033011-00262 (Director, Noriko Yoshimura). The study was also supported by grants from the Japan Osteoporosis Society (Noriko Yoshimura, Shigeyuki Muraki, Hiroyuki Oka, and Toru Akune), Japan Osteoporosis Foundation (2015, Noriko Yoshimura), research aids from the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA—Subsidized Science Project Research 2006-1 and 2010-2, Director, Hiroshi Kawaguchi; 2014-1, Director, Kozo Nakamura), and the Japanese Society for Musculoskeletal Medicine (2015, Director, Shigeyuki Muraki). The authors wish to thank Dr. Naoki Hirabayashi of the Kawakami Clinic, Hidakagawa Town; Mrs. Tomoko Takijiri, Mrs. Rie Takiguchi, Mrs. Kyoko Maeda, Ms. Ikuyo Ueyama, Mrs. Michiko Mori, Mrs. Hisayo Sugimoto, and other members of the public office in Hidakagawa Town; and Mrs. Tamako Tsutsumi, Mrs. Kanami Maeda, Mrs. Megumi Takino, Mrs. Shuko Okada, Mrs. Kazuyo Setoh, Mrs. Chise Ryouno, Mrs. Miki Shimosaki, Mrs. Chika Yamaguchi, Mrs. Yuki Shimoji, and other members of the public office in Taiji Town for their assistance in locating and scheduling participants for examinations. We would also like to thank Ms. Kyoko Yoshimura, Mrs. Toki Sakurai, Mrs. Saeko Sahara, and Mr. Noriyuki Oe for their assistance with data reduction and administration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Joint Disease Research, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan

    N. Yoshimura, S. Muraki & T. Iidaka

  2. Department of Medical Research and Management for Musculoskeletal Pain, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan

    H. Oka

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan

    R. Kodama & S. Tanaka

  4. JCHO Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Tokyo, 162-8542, Japan

    H. Kawaguchi

  5. National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, 359-0042, Japan

    K. Nakamura & T. Akune

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  1. N. Yoshimura
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Correspondence to N. Yoshimura.

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All participants provided written informed consent, and the study was conducted with the approval of the ethics committees of the University of Tokyo (Nos. 1264 and 1326) and the University of Wakayama Medical University (No. 373). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards as described in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki, and its later amendments.

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Yoshimura, N., Muraki, S., Oka, H. et al. Is osteoporosis a predictor for future sarcopenia or vice versa? Four-year observations between the second and third ROAD study surveys. Osteoporos Int 28, 189–199 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-016-3823-0

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