Abstract
Summary
It is uncertain whether bone mineral density (BMD) can accurately predict fracture in kidney transplant recipients. Trabecular bone score (TBS) provides information independent of BMD. Kidney transplant recipients had abnormal bone texture as measured by lumbar spine TBS, and a lower TBS was associated with incident fractures in recipients.
Introduction
Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a texture measure derived from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) lumbar spine images, providing information independent of bone mineral density. We assessed characteristics associated with TBS and fracture outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.
Methods
We included 327 kidney transplant recipients from Manitoba, Canada, who received a post-transplant DXA (median 106 days post-transplant). We matched each kidney transplant recipient (mean age 45 years, 39 % men) to three controls from the general population (matched on age, sex, and DXA date). Lumbar spine (L1-L4) DXA images were used to derive TBS. Non-traumatic incident fracture (excluding hand, foot, and craniofacial) (n = 31) was assessed during a mean follow-up of 6.6 years. We used multivariable linear regression models to test predictors of TBS, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) per standard deviation decrease in TBS to express the gradient of risk.
Results
Compared to the general population, kidney transplant recipients had a significantly lower lumbar spine TBS (1.365 ± 0.129 versus 1.406 ± 0.125, P < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression revealed that receipt of a kidney transplant was associated with a significantly lower mean TBS compared to controls (−0.0369, 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI] −0.0537 to −0.0202). TBS was associated with fractures independent of the Fracture Risk Assessment score including BMD (adjusted HR per standard deviation decrease in TBS 1.64, 95 % CI 1.15–2.36).
Conclusion
Kidney transplant recipients had abnormal bone texture as assessed by TBS and a lower lumbar spine TBS was associated with fractures in recipients.
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Acknowledgments
Dr. Naylor is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Fellowship and the Canadian National Transplant Research Program Astellas Training Award. The authors are indebted to Manitoba Health for the provision of data (HIPC File No. 2011/2012–31). The results and conclusions are those of the authors, and no official endorsement by Manitoba Health is intended or should be inferred. This article has been reviewed and approved by the members of the Manitoba Bone Density Program Committee.
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Didier Hans: Co-ownership in the TBS patent. Stock options or royalties: Med-Imaps. William Leslie: Speaker bureau (paid to facility): Amgen, Eli Lily, Novartis. Research grants (paid to facility): Amgen, Genzyme. Amit Garg: Investigator-initiated grant from Astellas and Roche for a Canadian Institutes of Health Research study in living kidney donors and his institution received unrestricted research funding from Pfizer. David Rush: Advisory board member, Astellas; Grant investigator, Astellas; Speaker: Astellas, STA Communications, Pfizer. Kyla Naylor, Lisa M Lix, and Anthony B. Hodsman declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Naylor, K.L., Lix, L.M., Hans, D. et al. Trabecular bone score in kidney transplant recipients. Osteoporos Int 27, 1115–1121 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3424-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3424-3