Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The need for a transparent, ethical, and successful relationship between academic scientists and the pharmaceutical industry: a view of the Group for the Respect of Ethics and Excellence in Science (GREES)

  • Position Paper
  • Published:
Osteoporosis International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Summary

This paper provides recommendations for fair and unbiased relationship between academic scientists and the pharmaceutical industry.

Introduction

Real or perceived problems in the relationship between academics and the industry have been the subject of much recent debate. It has been suggested that academic clinicians should sever all links with the industry—a view that is rarely challenged.

Methods

Academic experts and members of the pharmaceutical industry were invited to an expert consensus meeting to debate this topic. This meeting was organized by the Group for the Respect of Ethics and Excellence in Science. Conflict of interest, competing interest, right and duties of academic scientist, authorship, and staff and student education were discussed.

Results

Guidelines for a transparent, ethical, strong, and successful partnership between the academic scientist and the pharmaceutical industry have been provided.

Conclusions

The Group support interactions between the industry and clinicians provided that it is transparent and ethical.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Walsh K, Sandars J (2008) Competing interests and research in medical education. Postgrad Med J 84:113–114

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Haines IE, Olver IN (2008) Are self-regulation and declaration of conflict of interest still the benchmark for relationships between physicians and industry? Med J Aust 189:263–266

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Shaldon S (2008) Conflict of interest in clinical guidelines should be avoided. Nephrol Dial Transplant 23:1771, author reply 1772

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Elliott KC (2008) Scientific judgment and the limits of conflict-of-interest policies. Account Res 15:1–29

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Sismondo S (2008) How pharmaceutical industry funding affects trial outcomes: causal structures and responses. Soc Sci Med 66:1909–1914

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Doucet M, Sismondo S (2008) Evaluating solutions to sponsorship bias. J Med Ethics 34:627–630

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Chabner BA (2008) Conflict of interest: in the eye of the beholder? Oncologist 13:212–213

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Camilleri M, Cortese DA (2007) Managing conflict of interest in clinical practice. Mayo Clin Proc 82:607–614

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Tungaraza T, Poole R (2007) Influence of drug company authorship and sponsorship on drug trial outcomes. Br J Psychiatry 191:82–83

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Duvall DG (2006) Conflict of interest or ideological divide: the need for ongoing collaboration between physicians and industry. Curr Med Res Opin 22:1807–1812

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Weinfurt KP, Friedman JY, Dinan MA, Allsbrook JS, Hall MA, Dhillon JK, Sugarman J (2006) Disclosing conflicts of interest in clinical research: views of institutional review boards, conflict of interest committees, and investigators. J Law Med Ethics 34(581–591):481

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bekelman JE, Li Y, Gross CP (2003) Scope and impact of financial conflicts of interest in biomedical research: a systematic review. JAMA 289:454–465

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Shaywitz D, Stossel T (2009) It’s time to fight the “PharmaScolds”. In Wall Street Journal

  14. Collier J (2009) Doctors, patients, and the pharmaceutical industry. BMJ 338:b443

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Royal-College-of-Physicians (2009) Innovating for health: patient, physicians, the pharmaceutical industry and the NHS. Report of a Working Party, London

  16. Rothman DJ, McDonald WJ, Berkowitz CD, Chimonas SC, DeAngelis CD, Hale RW, Nissen SE, Osborn JE, Scully JH Jr, Thomson GE, Wofsy D (2009) Professional medical associations and their relationships with industry: a proposal for controlling conflict of interest. JAMA 301:1367–1372

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Christensen JA, Orlowski JP (2005) Bounty-hunting and finder’s fees. IRB 27:16–19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Moses H 3rd, Dorsey ER, Matheson DH, Thier SO (2005) Financial anatomy of biomedical research. JAMA 294:1333–1342

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Olesen J, Lekander I, Andlin-Sobocki P, Jonsson B (2007) Funding of headache research in Europe. Cephalalgia 27:995–999

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Philipson L (2005) Medical research activities, funding, and creativity in Europe: comparison with research in the United States. JAMA 294:1394–1398

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Demotes-Mainard J, Canet E, Segard L (2006) Public–private partnership models in France and in Europe. Therapie 61(325–334):313–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Moses H 3rd, Braunwald E, Martin JB, Thier SO (2002) Collaborating with industry—choices for the academic medical center. N Engl J Med 347:1371–1375

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Bero LA, Glantz S, Hong MK (2005) The limits of competing interest disclosures. Tob Control 14:118–126

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Sismondo S (2008) Pharmaceutical company funding and its consequences: a qualitative systematic review. Contemp Clin Trials 29:109–113

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Niebyl JR (2008) The pharmaceutical industry: friend or foe? Am J Obstet Gynecol 198:435–439

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Haas J (2008) Commentary: epidemiology and the pharmaceutical industry: an inside perspective. Int J Epidemiol 37:53–55, discussion 65-58

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Boyd EA, Bero LA (2007) Defining financial conflicts and managing research relationships: an analysis of university conflict of interest committee decisions. Sci Eng Ethics 13:415–435

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Sismondo S (2007) Ghost management: how much of the medical literature is shaped behind the scenes by the pharmaceutical industry? PLoS Med 4:e286

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Reginster JY (2007) The efficacy of glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis: financial and nonfinancial conflict of interest. Arthritis Rheum 56:2105–2110

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) (2008) Code on interactions with healthcare professionals

  31. Wager E, Field EA, Grossman L (2003) Good publication practice for pharmaceutical companies. Curr Med Res Opin 19:149–154

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Schulman KA, Seils DM, Timbie JW, Sugarman J, Dame LA, Weinfurt KP, Mark DB, Califf RM (2002) A national survey of provisions in clinical-trial agreements between medical schools and industry sponsors. N Engl J Med 347:1335–1341

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Campbell P (2001) Declaration of financial interests. Nature 412:751

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Wager E (2004) The need for trial identifiers. Curr Med Res Opin 20:203–206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hirsch L (2008) Trial registration and results disclosure: impact of US legislation on sponsors, investigators, and medical journal editors. Curr Med Res Opin 24:1683–1689

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Goldhahn J, Mitlak B, Aspenberg P, Kanis JA, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY (2008) Critical issues in translational and clinical research for the study of new technologies to enhance bone repair. J Bone Jt Surg Am 90(Suppl 1):43–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Compston J, Reid DM, Boisdron J, Brandi ML, Burlet N, Cahall D, Delmas PD, Dere W, Devogelaer JP, Fitzpatrick LA, Flamion B, Goel N, Korte S, Laslop A, Mitlak B, Ormarsdottir S, Ringe J, Rizzoli R, Tsouderos Y, Van Staa T, Reginster JY (2008) Recommendations for the registration of agents for prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an update from the Group for the Respect of Ethics and Excellence in Science. Osteoporos Int 19:1247–1250

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Lekkerkerker F, Kanis JA, Alsayed N, Bouvenot G, Burlet N, Cahall D, Chines A, Delmas P, Dreiser RL, Ethgen D, Hughes N, Kaufman JM, Korte S, Kreutz G, Laslop A, Mitlak B, Rabenda V, Rizzoli R, Santora A, Schimmer R, Tsouderos Y, Viethel P, Reginster JY (2007) Adherence to treatment of osteoporosis: a need for study. Osteoporos Int 18:1311–1317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Reginster JY, Abadie E, Delmas P, Rizzoli R, Dere W, der Auwera P, Avouac B, Brandi ML, Daifotis A, Diez-Perez A, Calvo G, Johnell O, Kaufman JM, Kreutz G, Laslop A, Lekkerkerker F, Mitlak B, Nilsson P, Orloff J, Smillie M, Taylor A, Tsouderos Y, Ethgen D, Flamion B (2006) Recommendations for an update of the current (2001) regulatory requirements for registration of drugs to be used in the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men. Osteoporos Int 17:1–7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Abadie E, Ethgen D, Avouac B, Bouvenot G, Branco J, Bruyere O, Calvo G, Devogelaer JP, Dreiser RL, Herrero-Beaumont G, Kahan A, Kreutz G, Laslop A, Lemmel EM, Nuki G, Van De Putte L, Vanhaelst L, Reginster JY (2004) Recommendations for the use of new methods to assess the efficacy of disease-modifying drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 12:263–268

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Holgate ST, Bousquet J, Chung KF, Bisgaard H, Pauwels R, Fabbri L, Rabe K, Doherty M, Snell NJ, Cuss F, D’Amato M, Reginster JY (2004) Summary of recommendations for the design of clinical trials and the registration of drugs used in the treatment of asthma. Respir Med 98:479–487

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Delmas PD, Calvo G, Boers M, Abadie E, Avouac B, Kahan A, Kaufman JM, Laslop A, Lekkerkerker JF, Nilsson P, Van Zwieten-Boot B, Kreutz G, Reginster JY (2002) The use of placebo-controlled and non-inferiority trials for the evaluation of new drugs in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 13:1–5

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Vignon E, Garnero P, Delmas P, Avouac B, Bettica P, Boers M, Ehrich E, MacKillop N, Rovati L, Serni U, Spector T, Reginster JY (2001) Recommendations for the registration of drugs used in the treatment of osteoarthritis: an update on biochemical markers. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 9:289–293

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Group for the Respect of Ethics and Excellence in Science (GREES) (1998) Recommendations for the registration of drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: rheumatoid arthritis section. Br J Rheumatol 37:211–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Johansson H, De Laet C, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Kroger H, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A (2005) Smoking and fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 16:155–162

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Horrobin DF (1999) Beyond conflict of interest. Non-financial conflicts of interest are more serious than financial conflicts. BMJ 318:466

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. The PLoS Medicine Editors (2008) Making sense of non-financial competing interests. PLoS Med 5:e199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Bero L (2008) “Experimental” institutional models for corporate funding of academic research: unknown effects on the research enterprise. J Clin Epidemiol 61:629–633

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. de Haas ER, de Vijlder HC, van Reesema WS, van Everdingen JJ, Neumann HA (2007) Quality of clinical practice guidelines in dermatological oncology. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21:1193–1198

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Reed DA, Cook DA, Beckman TJ, Levine RB, Kern DE, Wright SM (2007) Association between funding and quality of published medical education research. JAMA 298:1002–1009

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Lexchin J, Bero LA, Djulbegovic B, Clark O (2003) Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: systematic review. BMJ 326:1167–1170

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Angell M, Kassirer JP (1996) Editorials and conflicts of interest. N Engl J Med 335:1055–1056

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Drazen JM, Curfman GD (2002) Financial associations of authors. N Engl J Med 346:1901–1902

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Ancker JS, Flanagin A (2007) A comparison of conflict of interest policies at peer-reviewed journals in different scientific disciplines. Sci Eng Ethics 13:147–157

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Chaudhry S, Schroter S, Smith R, Morris J (2002) Does declaration of competing interests affect readers’ perceptions? A randomised trial. BMJ 325:1391–1392

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Healy D, Cattell D (2003) Interface between authorship, industry and science in the domain of therapeutics. Br J Psychiatry 183:22–27

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. McLennan M, Leong FC, Steele A, Harris J (2008) The influence of industry sponsorship on the acceptance of abstracts and their publication. Am J Obstet Gynecol 198(579):e571–e574

    Google Scholar 

  58. Davidoff F, DeAngelis CD, Drazen JM, Hoey J, Hojgaard L, Horton R, Kotzin S, Nicholls MG, Nylenna M, Overbeke AJ, Sox HC, Van Der Weyden MB, Wilkes MS (2001) Sponsorship, authorship, and accountability. Lancet 358:854–856

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Bodenheimer T (2000) Uneasy alliance—clinical investigators and the pharmaceutical industry. N Engl J Med 342:1539–1544

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (1997) Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. JAMA 277:927–934

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Graf C, Battisti WP, Bridges D, Bruce-Winkler V, Conaty JM, Ellison JM, Field EA, Gurr JA, Marx ME, Patel M, Sanes-Miller C, Yarker YE (2009) Good publication practice for communicating company sponsored medical research: the GPP2 guidelines. BMJ 339:b4330

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Jacobs A, Wager E (2005) European Medical Writers Association (EMWA) guidelines on the role of medical writers in developing peer-reviewed publications. Curr Med Res Opin 21:317–322

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Norris R, Bowman A, Fagan JM, Gallagher ER, Geraci AB, Gertel A, Hirsch L, Ross PD, Stossel TP, Veitch K, Woods D (2007) International Society for Medical Publication Professionals (ISMPP) position statement: the role of the professional medical writer. Curr Med Res Opin 23:1837–1840

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman D (2001) The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials. JAMA 285:1987–1991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements and competing interests

The GREES is a nonprofit organization, which has no source of funding, outside the annual dues (€1 per year) of the individual members. GREES only serves as a go-between to facilitate the organization of scientific meetings including academic scientists, members of regulatory agencies, and representatives of the pharmaceutical industry. O Bruyere receives grants, fees or has been reimbursed for attending meetings from MSD, GlaxoSmithKline, Rottapharm, Servier, Theramex, Galapagos, Wyeth, and IBSA. He also gives advice, as an expert, to the European Food Safety Authority, the French Food Safety Agency, and the European Society on Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis. JA Kanis consults for a large number of companies: Abiogen, Italy; Amgen, USA, Switzerland, and Belgium; Bayer, Germany; Besins-Iscovesco, France; Biosintetica, Brazil; Boehringer Ingelheim, UK; Celtrix, USA; D3A, France; European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry and Associations (EFPIA), Brussels; Gador, Argentina; General Electric, USA; GSK, UK and USA; Hologic, Belgium and USA; Kissei, Japan; Leiras, Finland; Leo Pharma, Denmark; Lilly, USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, and UK; Merck Research Labs, USA; Merlin Ventures, UK; MRL, China; Novartis, Switzerland and USA; Novo Nordisk, Denmark; Nycomed, Norway; Ono, UK and Japan; Organon, Holland; Parke-Davis, USA; Pfizer, USA; Pharmexa, Denmark; Procter and Gamble, UK and USA; ProStrakan, UK; Roche, Germany, Australia, Switzerland, and USA; Rotta Research, Italy; Sanofi-Aventis, USA; Schering, Germany and Finland; Servier, France and UK; Shire, UK; Solvay, France and Germany; Strathmann, Germany; Tarsa Therapeutics, USA; Tethys, USA; Teijin, Japan; Teva, Israel; UBS, Belgium; Unigene, USA; Warburg-Pincus, UK; Warner-Lambert, USA; and Wyeth, USA. He also receives grants or gives advice to nongovernmental agencies: Arthritis and Rheumatism Council, UK; Canadian Osteoporosis Society; European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO); Government of Manitoba, Canada; Group for the Respect of Ethics and Excellence in Science (GREES); INSERM, France; Medical Research Council, UK; Ministry of Public Health, China; Ministry of Health, Australia; National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), UK; National Osteoporosis Guideline Group, UK; National Osteoporosis Society; International Osteoporosis Foundation; Japanese Osteoporosis Society; National Osteoporosis Society, UK; Osteoporosis 2000, UK; Osteoporosis Australia; Swiss Osteoporosis Society; and World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva. N Alsayed is an employee of Sanofi-Pasteur MSD. ML Brandi receives support from Fondazione F.I.R.M.O. (Fondazione Italiana Ricerca Malattie Ossee) and grants from Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Nycomed, Roche, Glaxo, Eli Lilly, and Wyeth. She has acted as a speaker for Procter and Gamble, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Nycomed, and Wyeth. D Cahall is an employee of Sanofi-Aventis and as such receives remuneration and owns stock in the company. A Chines is an employee of Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. J-P Devogelaer has received consulting or advisory board fees from Novartis; lecture fees from Merck, Sharpe & Dohme, Procter & Gamble, Servier, and Roche; and grant support from Schering-Plough, Abbott, Amgen, Novartis, Servier, Merck, Sharpe & Dohme, Procter & Gamble, and Fonds National de Recherche Scientifique Médicale Belge. W Dere is an employee of Amgen. N Goel is an employee of UCB Pharma. N Hughes was an employee of Amgen. JM Kaufman received fees as consultant, for participating in an advisory board, as a speaker, or as clinical trial investigator, or received financial support for attending meetings from Amgen, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Nycomed, Procter & Gamble, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, and Wyeth. He received grant support from GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Novartis, Roche, and the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research. He is a (alternate) member of a commission on drug reimbursement with the Belgian health authorities. S Korte is an employee of Novartis. BH Mitlak is an employee of Eli Lilly and Company. D. Niese is an employee of Novartis. R Rizzoli is at the Speaker Bureau of Amgen, GSK, Merck, Novartis, Nycomed, Roche, and Servier. He is a member of the Scientific Advisory Boards of Amgen, Danone, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Nycomed, Roche, and Servier; and editor of Bone and Associate Editor of Osteoporosis International. He is treasurer and member of the Executive Committee of the International Osteoporosis Foundation. L Rovati is an employee of Rottapharm. J-Y Reginster has received consulting fees or payments for participating in advisory boards for Servier, Novartis, Negma, Lilly, Wyeth, Amgen, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Merckle, Nycomed, NPS, Theramex, and UCB. He has received lecture fees when speaking at the invitation of Merck Sharp and Dohme, Lilly, Rottapharm, IBSA, Genevrier, Novartis, Servier, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Teijin, Teva, Ebewee Pharma, Zodiac, Analis, Theramex, Nycomed, and Novo Nordisk; and grant support from Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Rottapharm, Teva, Lilly, Novartis, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Amgen, and Servier.

Contributions

All authors participated at the meeting. Initial literature review was performed by OB, MEIA, and SK. OB and JAK have written the first draft of the manuscript. All authors have commented on the initial manuscript and have approved the final manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium

    O. Bruyere & J.-Y. Reginster

  2. WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK

    J. A. Kanis

  3. Lawyer office, 12 avenue Pierre 1er de Serbie, Paris, France

    M.-E. Ibar-Abadie

  4. Sanofi-Pasteur MSD, Lyon, France

    N. Alsayed

  5. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    M. L. Brandi

  6. International Osteoporosis Foundation, Nyon, Switzerland

    N. Burlet

  7. Sanofi-aventis, Bridgewater, NJ, USA

    D. L. Cahall

  8. Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, PA, USA

    A. Chines

  9. Saint-Luc University Hospital, Universite catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium

    J.-P. Devogelaer

  10. Amgen Switzerland, Zug, Switzerland

    W. Dere & N. Hughes

  11. UCB Pharma, Rochester, NY, USA

    N. Goel

  12. Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

    J.-M. Kaufman

  13. Novartis, Basel, Switzerland

    S. Korte & D. Niese

  14. Eli Lilly and Company, New York, NY, USA

    B. H. Mitlak

  15. Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland

    R. Rizzoli

  16. Rottapharm, Monza, Italy

    L. C. Rovati

Authors
  1. O. Bruyere
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. A. Kanis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M.-E. Ibar-Abadie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. N. Alsayed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. M. L. Brandi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. N. Burlet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. D. L. Cahall
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. A. Chines
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. J.-P. Devogelaer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. W. Dere
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. N. Goel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. N. Hughes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. J.-M. Kaufman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. S. Korte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. B. H. Mitlak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. D. Niese
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. R. Rizzoli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. L. C. Rovati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. J.-Y. Reginster
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to O. Bruyere.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bruyere, O., Kanis, J.A., Ibar-Abadie, ME. et al. The need for a transparent, ethical, and successful relationship between academic scientists and the pharmaceutical industry: a view of the Group for the Respect of Ethics and Excellence in Science (GREES). Osteoporos Int 21, 713–722 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1190-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1190-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation