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Bone strength and its determinants

Osteoporosis International volume 14, pages 13–18 (2003)Cite this article

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a disease defined by decreased bone mass and alteration of microarchitecture which results in increased bone fragility and increased risk of fracture. The major complication of osteoporosis, i.e., fracture, is due to a lower bone strength. Thus, any treatment of osteoporosis implies an improvement in bone strength. Bone strength is determined by bone geometry, cortical thickness and porosity, trabecular bone morphology, and intrinsic properties of bony tissue. Bone strength is indirectly estimated by bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Since DXA-measured BMD accounts for 60–70% of the variation in bone strength, some important factors are not captured by DXA in the progression of osteoporosis and the effects of antiosteoporotic treatment. Geometry and trabecular microarchitecture have also to be taken into account. Thus, the assessment of intrinsic mechanical quality of bony tissue should provide a better understanding of the role of tissue quality in determining bone strength. The careful investigation of all the determinants of bone strength (bone tissue included) should be considered in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis and in the mechanisms of action of antiosteoporotic drugs.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Mrs I. Rossier-Bazin for editing the manuscript.

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Affiliations

  1. Division of Bone Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    P. Ammann & R. Rizzoli

  2. Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 , Geneva 14, Switzerland

    P. Ammann

Authors
  1. P. Ammann
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  2. R. Rizzoli
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Correspondence to P. Ammann.

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Ammann, P., Rizzoli, R. Bone strength and its determinants. Osteoporos Int 14, 13–18 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-002-1345-4

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Keywords

  • Biomechanics
  • Bone
  • Extracellular matrix
  • Nanoindentation
  • Osteoporosis
  • Rat
  • Strength