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Sudden infant death, Williams-Beuren-Syndrom oder beides?

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Zusammenfassung

Beim Williams-Beuren-Syndrom handelt es sich um einen genetischen Defekt des Elastin-Allels auf dem Chromosomenort 7q11.23 mit resultierenden multiplen organischen Fehlbildungen, geistiger Retardierung und generalisierter Elastin-Arteriopathie, die zu kardialen und vaskulären Komplikationen und in seltenen Fällen zum plötzlichen Tod führen kann. Es werden 2 Kasuistiken vorgestellt, die als vermeintliche plötzliche Kindstodsfälle obduziert wurden, bei denen jedoch—klinisch nicht relevante—kardiale Fehlbildungen und faziale Dysmorphien vorlagen, die sich mit der Diagnose eines Williams-Beuren-Syndroms vereinbaren ließen. Anhand der histologischen Untersuchung wurden bei beiden Kindern nahezu identische pathologische Befunde an Herz und Lunge erhoben. Es wird diskutiert, inwieweit diese Befunde kausal mit dem Todeseintritt in Verbindung stehen und ob diese mit der—durch eine genetische Untersuchung nicht verifizierten—Verdachtsdiagnose eines Williams-Beuren-Syndroms vereinbar sind.

Summary

The Williams-Beuren syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a deletion of the elastin gene mapped on chromosome 7 (7q11.23). This results in multi-organ malformation, mental retardation and generalised elastin arteriopathy, which can lead to cardiac and vascular complications and to sudden death. We present two cases in which a postmortem examination was initially carried out with the presumptive diagnosis of sudden infant death, but cardiac malformations and facial dysmorphisms were recognised that could confirm the diagnosis of Williams-Beuren syndrome. In both cases nearly the same pathological findings were seen in the heart and lungs by histological examination. We will discuss if these findings could have caused death and if they can confirm our presumptive diagnosis of a William-Beuren syndrome which could not be verified by a genetic investigation.

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Zinka, B., Büttner, A., Milz, S. et al. Sudden infant death, Williams-Beuren-Syndrom oder beides?. Rechtsmedizin 13, 91–95 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00194-003-0200-z

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