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Multi-frame visualization for detonation wave diffraction

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Abstract

When a detonation wave emerges from a tube into unconfined space filled with a gas mixture, detonation wave diffraction occurs due to abrupt changes in the cross-sectional area. In the present study, we focused on the local explosion in reinitiation and propagation of a transverse detonation wave by performing comprehensive and direct observation with high time resolution visualization in a two-dimensional rectangular channel. Using the visualization methods of shadowgraph and multi-frame, short-time, open-shutter photography, we determined where the wall reflection point is generated, and also determined where the bright point is originated by the local explosion, and investigated the effects of the deviation angle and initial pressure of the gas mixture. We found that the reinitiation of detonation had two modes that were determined by the deviation angle of the channel. If the deviation angle was less than or equal to 30\(^{\circ }\), the local explosion of reinitiation might occur in the vicinity of the channel wall, and if the deviation angle was greater than or equal to 60\(^{\circ }\), the local explosion might originate on the upper side of the tube exit. With a deviation angle greater than 60\(^{\circ }\), the position of the wall reflection point depended on the cell width, so the radial distance of the wall reflection point from the apex of the tube exit was about 12 times the cell width. Similarly, the bright point (local explosion point) was located a distance of about 11 times the cell width from the apex of the tube exit, with a circumferential angle of 48\(^{\circ }\).

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Abbreviations

\(p_{0}\) :

Initial pressure of the gas mixture

r :

Radial direction distance

\(r_\mathrm{b}\) :

Radial direction distance of the bright point

\(r_\mathrm{w}\) :

Radial direction distance of the wall reflection point

\(T_{0}\) :

Temperature of the gas mixture

u :

Fitting equation of the cell width

V :

Velocity of the detonation wave at a given point

\(V_\mathrm{CJ}\) :

Chapman–Jouguet velocity

x :

Sample value of the cell width obtained from the Detonation Database

\(\lambda \) :

Cell width

\(\theta \) :

Circumferential angle

\(\theta _\mathrm{d}\) :

Deviation angle of the channel

\(\theta _\mathrm{b}\) :

Angle of the bright point

\(\sigma \) :

Standard deviation of the cell width

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Acknowledgments

This work was subsidized by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), No. 21360411; a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), No. 20241040; and the Research Grant Program from the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Finally, the authors would like to thank Y. Kudo for his advice and assistance in designing and manufacturing the experimental setup.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering Mechanics and Energy, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8573, Japan

    Y. Nagura

  2. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan

    J. Kasahara

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan

    A. Matsuo

Authors
  1. Y. Nagura
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  2. J. Kasahara
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  3. A. Matsuo
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Correspondence to J. Kasahara.

Additional information

Communicated by S. Dorofeev and A. Higgins.

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Nagura, Y., Kasahara, J. & Matsuo, A. Multi-frame visualization for detonation wave diffraction. Shock Waves 26, 645–656 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-016-0663-y

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