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Validation of the Sinhala translations of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory and the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire in a Sri Lankan population

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Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis

This study was to translate and validate self-reported questionnaires, the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) and the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) into Sinhala, the language spoken by the majority of Sri Lankans.

Methods

A total of 270 patients were enrolled in this study. Two groups were selected with pelvic organ prolapse (POP)—cases and without POP—controls in a ratio of 1:2 respectively. Psychometric properties of the questionnaires were assessed using content validity, face validity, convergent validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and reliability. Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) was used as the test to quantify POP.

Results

Excellent content validity was demonstrated by a content validity ratio for all items by experts. Face validity was confirmed by non-experts using a five-point Likert scale and Mann–Whitney U test for all items. Internal consistency was found to be high for both questionnaires (Cronbach’s alpha >0.8) in all items. Construct validity was assessed by receiver-operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve is above 0.5 in all items in both questionnaires. Convergent validity was assessed using Pearson coefficient correlation, which was above 0.8 for all subscales. Reliability was low for all subscales in the paired t test.

Conclusions

The Sinhala versions of PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 were valid, consistent, responsive, but have low reliability in the Sri Lankan setting.

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Abbreviations

AUS:

American Urogynecologic Society

CA:

Cronbach’s coefficient alpha

CRADI-8:

Colorectal-Anal Distress Inventory

CRAIQ-7:

Colorectal-Anal Impact Questionnaire

ICS:

International Incontinence Society

PFDI-20:

Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory

PFIQ-7:

Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire

POP:

Pelvic organ prolapse

POPDI-6:

Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory

POP-Q:

Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification

POPIQ-7:

Pelvic Organ Prolapse Impact Questionnaire 7

SGS:

Society of Gynecologic Surgeons

UDI-6:

Urinary Distress Inventory

UIQ-7:

Urinary Impact Questionnaire

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Acknowledgements

We are particularly grateful to Professor Malik Goonewardene, emeritus Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, former senior professor and chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology, for motivating us to select this study area. We are thankful to Dr. Thilina Palihawadene, senior lecturer in the faculty of medicine, Ragama of Sri Lanka, for advice given on the research. We appreciate the input and help given by colleagues. Finally, we are thankful to the patients, nursing officers, and minor staff for the support they gave.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of Health, De Soyza Hospital for Women, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka

    Vindya Wijesinghe

  2. Ministry of Health, Teaching Hospital Mahamodara, Galle, Sri Lanka

    Piyankara Amaradivakara

  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, P.O. Box 70, Galle, Sri Lanka

    Rameez Farukan

Authors
  1. Vindya Wijesinghe
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  2. Piyankara Amaradivakara
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  3. Rameez Farukan
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Contributions

Vindya Wijesinghe: original idea and protocol management, data collection, data analysis, manuscript writing; Piyankara Amaradivakara: protocol management, manuscript writing; Rameez Furukan: protocol management, data collection, data analysis, manuscript writing.

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Correspondence to Vindya Wijesinghe.

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Appendices

Appendix 1: PFDI-20 in Sinhala

Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) in Sinhala

figure afigure a

Appendix 2: PFIQ-7 in Sinhala

Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) in Sinhala

figure bfigure b

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Wijesinghe, V., Amaradivakara, P. & Farukan, R. Validation of the Sinhala translations of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory and the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire in a Sri Lankan population. Int Urogynecol J 32, 3235–3248 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-021-04695-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-021-04695-0

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