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Urethral striated muscle and extracellular matrix morphological characteristics among mildly diabetic pregnant rats: translational approach

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Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis

Diabetes mellitus (DM) during pregnancy is associated with high levels of urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic floor muscle dysfunction. Mild DM can lead to changes in urethral striated muscle and extracellular matrix (ECM) in pregnant rats considering both structures as an entire system responsible for urinary continence.

Methods

Ninety-two female Wistar rats were distributed in four experimental groups: virgin, pregnant, diabetic, and diabetic pregnant. In adult life, parental nondiabetic female rats were mated with nondiabetic male rats to obtain newborns. At the first day of birth, newborns received citrate buffer (nondiabetic group) or streptozotocin 100 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneous route (mild DM group). At day 21 of the pregnancy, the rats were lethally anesthetized and the urethra and vagina were extracted as a unit. Urethral and vaginal sections were cut and analyzed by: (a) cytochemical staining for ECM and muscle structural components, (b) immunohistochemistry to identify fast- and slow-muscle fibers, and (c) transmission electron microscopy for ultrastructural analysis of urethral striated muscle.

Results

In comparison with the three control groups, variations in the urethral striated muscle and ECM from diabetic pregnant rats were observed including thinning, atrophy, fibrosis, increased area of blood vessels, mitochondria accumulation, increased lipid droplets, glycogen granules associated with colocalization of fast and slow fibers, and a steady decrease in the proportion of fast to slow fibers.

Conclusions

Mild DM and pregnancy can lead to a time-dependent disorder and tissue remodeling in which the urethral striated muscle and ECM has a fundamental function.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the staff of the Laboratory for Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Anatomy and Laboratory of Morphology, especially Talísia Moretto and Gelson Rodrigues, for excellent technical and scientific contribution. We also thank Prof. Dr. Steven Sol Witkin (Cornell University, USA) and Prof. Dr. Firouz Daneshgari and all staff of the Department of Urology (Case Western Reserve University, USA) for excellent technical and scientific contributions. This study was supported by grants from FAPESP/Brazil (Fellowship Process Number 2010/13303-3 and 2012/00099-4) and CNPQ (Process Number 473673/2011-8).

Competing interests

None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    Fernanda Piculo, Gabriela Marini, Angélica Mércia Pascon Barbosa, Débora Cristina Damasceno & Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge

  2. Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    Selma Maria Michelin Matheus

  3. Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    Sérgio Luis Felisbino

  4. Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Urology Institute University Hospitals, Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Firouz Daneshgari

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  1. Fernanda Piculo
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  2. Gabriela Marini
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  3. Angélica Mércia Pascon Barbosa
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  4. Débora Cristina Damasceno
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  5. Selma Maria Michelin Matheus
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  6. Sérgio Luis Felisbino
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  7. Firouz Daneshgari
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  8. Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge.

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Piculo, F., Marini, G., Barbosa, A.M.P. et al. Urethral striated muscle and extracellular matrix morphological characteristics among mildly diabetic pregnant rats: translational approach. Int Urogynecol J 25, 403–415 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-013-2218-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-013-2218-4

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