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The international reference ionosphere today and in the future

Journal of Geodesy volume 85, pages 909–920 (2011)Cite this article

Abstract

The international reference ionosphere (IRI) is the internationally recognized and recommended standard for the specification of plasma parameters in Earth’s ionosphere. It describes monthly averages of electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature, ion composition, and several additional parameters in the altitude range from 60 to 1,500 km. A joint working group of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) and the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) is in charge of developing and improving the IRI model. As requested by COSPAR and URSI, IRI is an empirical model being based on most of the available and reliable data sources for the ionospheric plasma. The paper describes the latest version of the model and reviews efforts towards future improvements, including the development of new global models for the F2 peak density and height, and a new approach to describe the electron density in the topside and plasmasphere. Our emphasis will be on the electron density because it is the IRI parameter most relevant to geodetic techniques and studies. Annual IRI meetings are the main venue for the discussion of IRI activities, future improvements, and additions to the model. A new special IRI task force activity is focusing on the development of a real-time IRI (RT-IRI) by combining data assimilation techniques with the IRI model. A first RT-IRI task force meeting was held in 2009 in Colorado Springs. We will review the outcome of this meeting and the plans for the future. The IRI homepage is at http://www.IRI.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Space Weather Laboratory, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA

    Dieter Bilitza

  2. Heliospheric Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA

    Dieter Bilitza

  3. Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, PO Box 32, Hermanus, 7200, South Africa

    Lee-Anne McKinnell

  4. Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 600 Suffolk Street, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA

    Bodo Reinisch

  5. CIRES University of Colorado and NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA

    Tim Fuller-Rowell

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  1. Dieter Bilitza
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  2. Lee-Anne McKinnell
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  3. Bodo Reinisch
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  4. Tim Fuller-Rowell
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Correspondence to Dieter Bilitza.

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Bilitza, D., McKinnell, LA., Reinisch, B. et al. The international reference ionosphere today and in the future. J Geod 85, 909–920 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-010-0427-x

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Keywords

  • Ionosphere
  • IRI
  • Empirical model
  • F2 peak models
  • Topside