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Effects of passivation behavior on micro-electrochemical machining (ECM) performance of stainless steels with different metallographic phases in NaNO3 and NaClO3 solutions

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Abstract

To investigate the passivation behavior of stainless steels with various metallographic phases and their impact on micro-electrochemical machining (micro-ECM) performance, the electrochemical behavior of representative dual-phase stainless steel (SUS329J1), martensite stainless steel (SUS440C), ferritic stainless steel (SUS430), and austenite stainless steel (SUS316L) in NaClO3 and NaNO3 solutions were examined using potentiodynamic measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS results indicate the charge-transfer resistance of the ferritic and martensite phases in the NaClO3 is higher than that in NaNO3, suggesting a stable passive film formation in the NaClO3 solution. Conversely, for the austenite phase, the passive film formed in NaNO3 is more stable than that formed in NaClO3. Experimental results from ECM reveal a different trend in material removal rates (MRRs) with the use of NaNO3 electrolyte SUS440C > SUS430 > SUS316L, contrasting with their respective MRR trends observed using NaClO3. Additionally, dual-phase steel SUS329J1 demonstrates a higher MRR than both SUS430 and SUS316L stainless steel. This study investigates the relationships between MRRs and metallographic phases of stainless steels, providing practical insights for optimizing electrolyte composition when machining different stainless steels.

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The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 52205439, 52375402), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (grant number L223016), and China Space Foundation Aerospace Propulsion Public Welfare Special Fund (grant number KDJJ20230502014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

    Guodong Liu, Jingyao Shi, Zeyu Gong & Chaojiang Li

  2. Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9120 116 St NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada

    Yuxin Yang

  3. Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, 314011, Jiaxing, China

    Chaojiang Li

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  1. Guodong Liu
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Contributions

Guodong Liu: conceptualization, formal analysis, data curation, validation, roles/writing—original draft. Jingyao Shi: original idea, funding acquisition, methodology, writing—reviewing and editing. Yuxin Yang: investigation. Zeyu Gong: investigation. Chaojiang Li: supervision, resources, project administration.

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Correspondence to Chaojiang Li.

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Liu, G., Shi, J., Yang, Y. et al. Effects of passivation behavior on micro-electrochemical machining (ECM) performance of stainless steels with different metallographic phases in NaNO3 and NaClO3 solutions. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 130, 3867–3876 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12934-5

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