Abstract
Solving inverse kinematic (IK) of general robot manipulators remains significant challenge in current industrial manufacturing, particularly in human–robot collaborative scenarios. Most current approaches employ numerical, analytical, or machine learning methods to solve IK. However, accurately determining the end-effector (EE) position, solving complexity, and handling multiple solutions are unresolved challenges in these existing methods. In this paper, we propose a hybrid method that combines forward and backward reaching inverse kinematics (FABRIK) with a custom artificial neural network (ANN) to solve IK for a broad range of serial robot manipulators. The results demonstrate that the hybrid method yields a unique solution and achieves a lower position error (up to 0.003 in) compared to a standard ANN implementation. Furthermore, compared to the numerical method (FABRIK and Jacobian), the hybrid approach offers a more versatile framework for solving IK, resulting in superior overall performance in terms of solving complexity, computational efficiency, and accuracy among the three methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The code and data is available on GitHub https://github.com/baiye225/Inverse-Kinematics
References
I Process Soluition. What are the Different types of industrial robots and their applications. https://processsolutions.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-industrial-robots-and-their-applications/#:~:text=Polar%20Robots%2C%20or%20spherical%20robots,have%20a%20spherical%20work%20envelope. Accessed 10/01/2018
Groover MP (2023) Automation. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/automation
Mohammed AA, Sunar M (2015) Kinematics modeling of a 4-DOF robotic arm. In 2015 International Conference on Control, Automation and Robotics. IEEE, Singapore, pp 87–91. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccar.2015.7166008
Qassem MA, Abuhadrous I, Elaydi H (2010) Modeling and simulation of 5 DOF educational robot arm. In: 2010 2nd International Conference on Advanced Computer Control, vol 5. IEEE, Shenyang, China, pp 569–574. https://doi.org/10.1109/icacc.2010.5487136
Singh R, Kukshal V, Yadav VS (2021) A review on forward and inverse kinematics of classical serial manipulators. Adv Eng Design: Select Proceedings of ICOIED 2020:417–428
Aristidou A, Lasenby J, Chrysanthou Y, Shamir A (2018) Inverse kinematics techniques in computer graphics: a survey. Comput Graph Forum 37(6):35–58
Sekiguchi M, Takesue N (2021) Numerical method for inverse kinematics using an extended angle-axis vector to avoid deadlock caused by joint limits. Adv Robot 35(15):919–926
Xie S, Sun L, Wang Z, Chen G (2022) A speedup method for solving the inverse kinematics problem of robotic manipulators. Int J Adv Robotic Syst 19(3):17298806221104602
Li J, Yu H, Shen N, Zhong Z, Lu Y, Fan J (2021) A novel inverse kinematics method for 6-DOF robots with non-spherical wrist. Mech Mach Theory 157:104180
Lopez-Franco C, Hernandez-Barragan J, Alanis AY, Arana-Daniel N (2018) A soft computing approach for inverse kinematics of robot manipulators. Eng Appl Artif Intell 74:104–120
Aristidou A, Lasenby J (2011) FABRIK: q fast, iterative solver for the Inverse Kinematics problem. Graph Models 73(5):243–260
Semwal VB, Reddy M, Narad A (2021) Comparative study of inverse kinematics using data driven and Fabrik approach. In: Advances in Robotics-5th International Conference of The Robotics Society. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, pp 1–6
Rokbani N, Neji B, Slim M, Mirjalili S, Ghandour R (2022) A multi-objective modified PSO for inverse kinematics of a 5-DOF robotic arm. Appl Sci 12(14):7091
Guan S, Zhuang Z, Tao H, Chen Y, Stojanovic V, Paszke W (2023) Feedback-aided PD-type iterative learning control for time-varying systems with non-uniform trial lengths. Trans Inst Meas Control 45(11):2015–2026
Zhuang Z, Tao H, Chen Y, Stojanovic V, Paszke W (2022) An optimal iterative learning control approach for linear systems with nonuniform trial lengths under input constraints. In: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2022.3225381
Stojanović V (2023) Fault-tolerant control of a hydraulic servo actuator via adaptive dynamic programming. Math Model Cont 3(3):181–191. https://doi.org/10.3934/mmc.2023016
Huda MAN, Susilo SH, Adhi PM (2022) Implementation of inverse kinematic and trajectory planning on 6-DOF robotic arm for straight-flat welding movement. Logic: Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 22(1):51–61
Bai Y, Hsieh SJ (2023) Strategy with machine learning models for precise assembly using programming by demonstration. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 127:3699–3714
Li G, Xiao F, Zhang X, Tao B, Jiang G (2022) An inverse kinematics method for robots after geometric parameters compensation. Mech Mach Theory 174:104903
Dou R et al (2022) Inverse kinematics for a 7-DOF humanoid robotic arm with joint limit and end pose coupling. Mech Mach Theory 169:104637
Xiao F et al (2021) An effective and unified method to derive the inverse kinematics formulas of general six-DOF manipulator with simple geometry. Mech Mach Theory 159:104265
El-Sherbiny A, Elhosseini MA, Haikal AY (2018) A comparative study of soft computing methods to solve inverse kinematics problem. Ain Shams Eng J 9(4):2535–2548
Varedi-Koulaei SM, Mokhtari M (2018) Trajectory tracking solution of a robotic arm based on optimized ANN. In: 2018 6th RSI International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (IcRoM). IEEE, Tehran, Iran, pp 76–81
Aggarwal L, Aggarwal K, Urbanic RJ (2014) Use of artificial neural networks for the development of an inverse kinematic solution and visual identification of singularity zone (s). Procedia Cirp 17:812–817
Duka A-V (2014) Neural network based inverse kinematics solution for trajectory tracking of a robotic arm. Procedia Technol 12:20–27
Daya B, Khawandi S, Akoum M (2010) Applying neural network architecture for inverse kinematics problem in robotics. J Softw Eng Appl 3(03):230
Almusawi AR, Dülger LC, Kapucu S (2016) A new artificial neural network approach in solving inverse kinematics of robotic arm (Denso VP6242). Comput Intell Neurosci 2016:5720163. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5720163
Iklima Z, Muthahhar MI, Khan A, Zody A (2021) Self-learning of delta robot using inverse kinematics and artificial neural networks. Sinergi 25(3):237. https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2021.3.001
Li J, Xu C, Chen Z, Bian S, Yang L, Lu C (2021) Hybrik: a hybrid analytical-neural inverse kinematics solution for 3d human pose and shape estimation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. IEEE/CVF, pp 3383–3393
Ananthanarayanan H, Ordóñez R (2015) Real-time inverse kinematics of (2n+ 1) DOF hyper-redundant manipulator arm via a combined numerical and analytical approach. Mech Mach Theory 91:209–226
Ananthanarayanan H, Ordóñez R (2013) Real-time inverse kinematics of redundant manipulator using a hybrid (analytical and numerical) method. In: 2013 16th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR). IEEE, Montevideo, Uruguay, pp 1–6
Hasan AT, Ismail N, Hamouda AMS, Aris I, Marhaban MH, Al-Assadi H (2010) Artificial neural network-based kinematics Jacobian solution for serial manipulator passing through singular configurations. Adv Eng Softw 41(2):359–367
Grochow K, Martin SL, Hertzmann A, Popović Z (2004) Style-based inverse kinematics, in ACM SIGGRAPH. Papers 2004:522–531
McCrate MP (2010) Modern mechanical automata. University of Cincinnati
FlexiBowl. SCARA Robot. https://www.flexibowl.com/scara-robot.html. Accessed 05/11/2020
Mohammed AA, Sunar M (2015) Kinematics modeling of a 4-DOF robotic arm. In: 2015 International Conference on Control, Automation and Robotics. IEEE, Singapore, pp 87–91
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed conception and data analysis. The methodology, program, experiment design and setup, and first draft manuscript written by Ye Bai and all authors made comments and revisions.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Conflict of interest
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Bai, Y., Hsieh, SJ. A hybrid method using FABRIK and custom ANN in solving inverse kinematic for generic serial robot manipulator. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 130, 4883–4904 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12928-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12928-3