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Hazardous effects and microstructure of explosive welding under vacuum environment

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Abstract

Conventional explosive welding is performed in the atmosphere. In addition to causing many hazardous effects (air shock wave, vibration, and noise), air medium also affects the welding quality. To study the influence of the vacuum environment on the above problems, this study conducted CP-Ti/Q235 explosive welding in the vacuum (0.1 atm), and set another experiment in the atmospheric environment as a reference. The results showed that the vacuum environment significantly reduced the hazardous effects. Compared with the atmospheric environment, the low density of the gas medium attenuated the shock wave (69.27%) during the explosive welding, resulting in reduced levels of vibration (74.46%) and noise (45.31%). Microstructure analysis found that in both environments, the wavelength and amplitude of the waveform interface were remarkably different at the end portion, and the overall waveform obtained in the vacuum was more uniform than that in the atmosphere. Through the two-step simulation, the pressures of the interstitial gas shock wave were respectively 15.4 and 1.66 MPa under the atmospheric and vacuum environments. Therefore, the interstitial gas shock wave affected the movement of the flyer plate, causing welding instability, especially in the atmosphere. Furthermore, the participation of the gas during the wave formation led to the appearance of the pores and microcracks. In contrast, the vacuum environment effectively decreased the micro-defects of the bonding interface, improving the welding quality. This study revealed the detailed advantages of the vacuum environment and provided a reference for explosive welding in urban areas.

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Funding

This study was sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 11872002), Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (1808085QA06), and Postdoctoral Foundation of Anhui Province (2019B355).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, People’s Republic of China

    Xuejiao Li, Tingzhao Zhang, Xiande Dai, Jingye Qian, Quan Wang & Yandong Cui

  2. School of Mining Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, People’s Republic of China

    Xuejiao Li & Ke Yang

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  1. Xuejiao Li
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Contributions

Xuejiao Li: investigation; methodology; validation; writing—original draft preparation; and writing—review and editing. Tingzhao Zhang: conceptualization, resources, supervision, and writing—review and editing. Xiande Dai: conceptualization. Jingye Qian: resources. Quan Wang: resources. Ke Yang: investigation and resources. Yandong Cui: supervision and resources. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Tingzhao Zhang.

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Li, X., Zhang, T., Dai, X. et al. Hazardous effects and microstructure of explosive welding under vacuum environment. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 130, 3741–3754 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12892-y

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