Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Euler’s equation grinding track, microgrinding mechanism, and process research of space optical crystal materials

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In microdiameter precision grinding of the YAG (Y3Al5O12) optical crystal material, centerless precision grinding is the necessary process of the preparation method to obtain surface finish. To further obtain the optical crystal devices in optical field, the tiny diameter of the optical crystal material is the key element. However, the process to generate the grinding ratio of the grinding ap forms part of precise control of the actual mathematical calculation for the ceramic base grinding wheel. In this work, we propose a satisfying precision grinding models for engineering applications and a theory to explain the grinding process of the microdiameter YAG optical crystal materials. A ceramic base of the grinding wheel axis is designed, and the wheel axis experimental parameters are regulated from controllable clearance and eccentricity for the e by the grinding depth and surface finish quality. The resultant parameters keep constant during the precision grinding and self-adaption dressing process to avoid the deviation caused by centrifugal force. In the process of self-adaption dressing of ceramic base grinding, wheel rotation direction is controlled by critical parameters such as the grinding wheel axis (-), and the regulating wheel axis (-) is the critical parameters to determine the final appearance of the grinding wheel. The value range of the feed location region is [0.022, 1.007]. Grinding wheel axis speed and regulating wheel axis speed are 35~60 RPM. Thus, the process challenges and technical issues of YAG optical crystal material microdiameter precision grinding can be solved.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

No applicable.

Code availability

The concepts of coding were presented with pseudocode in the article; thus, there is no access for the custom code. No applicable.

Abbreviations

a p :

Precision grinding depth, mm

Δa p :

Dynamic change of depth of grinding, mm

e :

The precision grinding center of the eccentricity, mm

e s :

The precision grinding ratio, N/mm2

D :

Diameter of the YAG optical crystal material, mm

D YAG :

The diameter of the YAG optical crystal, mm

F :

Tangential grinding force, N/mm2

F i :

Grinding force per unit area, N/mm2

F n :

The normal grinding force, N/mm2

N dividing :

The number of teeth of indexing dial, Numbers

P screw :

The pitch of the feed direction, μm/s

∆ t :

Rotation interval time, min

V grinding wheel, V regulating wheel :

The speed ratio, μm/s

W YAG :

The angular angle of the YAG optical crystal, deg

Ψ :

The real grinding wheel radian direction of the ceramic base grinding wheel, + or -

Ψ i :

Rotation angle, deg

Ω s :

Constant speed, m/s

θ :

Rotating angle of the ceramic base grinding wheel, deg

α :

Ceramic base grinding wheel center angle, deg

β :

Ceramic base grinding wheel center angle, deg

References

  1. Hashimoto F, Lahoti G.D (2004) Optimization of set-up conditions for stability of the centerless grinding process. Annals of the CIRP 53(1), pp.271-274

  2. Mannan MA, Drew SJ, Stone BJ (2002) Torsional vibration effects in grinding. CIRP Annals 49(1):249–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Qi B, Yu S, Yong B, Qin-Jun P, Zu-Yan X (2021) Study on properties of Nd:YAG ceramic microchips with different concentration. Opt Mater 120:111425

  4. Quang NM, Tung NT, Thanh LTP (2022) Study of the polishing performance of yag crystals through the balance between chemical and mechanical actions. J Inst Eng India Ser C 103:1223–1233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Barrenetxea D, Marquinez JI, Bediaga I (2009) Continuous workpiece speed variation (CWSV): Model based practical application to avoid chatter in grinding. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 58(1):319–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ma L, Li M, Komasa S, Yan S, Yang Y, Nishizaki M, Chen L, Zeng Y, Wang X, Yamamoto E, Hontsu S, Hashimoto Y, Okazaki J (2022) Characterization of hydroxyapatite film obtained by Er:YAG pulsed laser deposition on sandblasted titanium: an in vitro study. Materials 15(6):2306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chen F, Mei G, Zhao B (2020) Study on the characteristics of zirconia ceramic in three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration-assisted ELID internal grinding. J Mech Sci Technol 34(1):333–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ahrens M, Dagen M, Denkena B, Ortmaier T (2016) An active damping method for chatter vibration in plunge grinding using electromagnetic actuators. Procedia CIRP 46:197–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Inasaki I, Karpuschewski B, Lee H-S (2001) Grinding chatter-origin and suppression. CIRP Annals 50(2):515–534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhenyu Z, Fengwei H, Xianzhong Z, Dongming G (2012) Fabrication and size prediction of crystalline nanoparticles of silicon induced by nanogrinding with ultrafine diamond grits. Scr Mater 67(7-8):657–660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhenyu Z, Yaxing S, Chaoge X, Dongming G (2012) A novel model for undeformed nanometer chips of soft-brittle HgCdTe films induced by ultrafine diamond grits. Scr Mater 67(2):197–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhenyu Z, Dongming G, Bo W, Renke K, Bi Z (2015) A novel approach of high speed scratching on silicon wafers at nanoscale depths of cut. Sci Rep 5:16395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhenyu Z, Bo W, Renke K, Bi Z, Dongming G (2015) Changes in surface layer of silicon wafers from diamond scratching. CIRP Annals 64(1):349–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhenyu Z, Xin W, Fanning M, Dongdong L, Siling H, Junfeng C, Jianmei W, Wei W (2022) Origin and evolution of a crack in silicon induced by a single grain grinding. J Manuf Process 75:617–626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhenyu Z, Junfeng C, Bo W, Ziguang W, Renke K, Dongming G (2017) A novel approach of mechanical chemical grinding. J Alloys Compd 726(5):514–524

    Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang Z, Huang S, Wang S et al (2017) A novel approach of high-performance grinding using developed diamond wheels. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 91:3315–3326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bo W, Zhenyu Z, Keke C, Junfeng C, Rosenkranz A, Jinhong Y, Lin C-T, Chen G, Ketao Z, Jun L, Nan J, Dongming G (2018) New deformation-induced nanostructure in silicon. Nano Lett 18(7):4611–4617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Derkx JM (2008) High precision form crush profiling of diamond grinding wheels. Materials Science

    Google Scholar 

  19. Salje E, Scharfen HU (1990) Kunstharzgebundener CBN-Profilschleifscheiben mit Korundblock und mit Strahl, Jahrbuch Schleifen, Honen. Lappen und Polieren 56:202–216

    Google Scholar 

  20. Salje E (1990) Wirkungsweisen und Anwendungen von Konditionierverfahren. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 39(1):337–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Rowe WB, Miyashita M, König W (2004) Centreless grinding research and its application in advanced manufacturing technology. Annals of the CIRP 38(2):617–625

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Klocke F, Friedrich D, Linke B, Nachmani Z (2004) Basics for in-process roundness error improvement by a functional workrest blade. Annals of the CIRP 53(1):275–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Hecker RL, Ramoneda IM, Liang Steven Y (2003) Analysis of wheel topography and grit force for grinding process modeling. J Manuf Process 5(1):13–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Kang RK, Yuan JT, Zhang YP, Ren JX (2001) Truing of diamond wheels by optical. Key Eng Mater 202-203:137–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhang H, Lieh J, Yen D, Song X, Rui X (2003) Geometry analysis and simulation in shoe centerless grinding. J Manuf Sci Eng T ASME 125:304–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Wu Y, Kondo T, Kato M (2005) A new centerless grinding technique using a surface grinder. J Mater Process Technol 162-163:709–717

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wu Y, Fan Y, Kato M, Wang J, Syoji K, Kuriyagawa T (2003) A new centerless grinding technique without employing a regulating wheel. Key Eng Mater 238-239:355–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Chang HC, Wang J, Junz J (2008) A stochastic grinding force model considering random grit distribution. Int J Mach Tool Manuf 48(12-13):1335–1344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Li L, Fu J (1980) A study of grinding force mathematical model. Annals of CIRP-Manuf Technol 29(1):245–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express gratitude for the generous support from Laboratory of Optical System Advance Manufacturing Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Science researchers. Also, we wish to thank Dianrong Luan for grinding process, who devoted for the precision machinery offering senior expert and senior technician from Harbin Institute of Technology. The original process idea is designed by Jiabin Xu, a Ph.D. candidate under the guide from Prof. Feihu Zhang.

Funding

This work was funded and financial support by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFB1102204) and the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2018ZX04015001-005).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Jiabin Xu and Qiongyi He contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechatronics Engineering, Aeronautics and Astronautics Manufacturing Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China

    Jiabin Xu, Dongyu Tian & Feihu Zhang

  2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, China

    Qiongyi He & Yang Yu

  3. CNC Engineering Training Center, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, China

    Xiangyu Zhang

  4. Laboratory of Optical System Advance Manufacturing Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, China

    Yingjie Li

Authors
  1. Jiabin Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Qiongyi He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiangyu Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yang Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dongyu Tian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yingjie Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Feihu Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Jiabin Xu. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jiabin Xu, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Jiabin Xu and Qiongyi He contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors. The grinding opinion in the invention patent shall be modified and improved by Qiongyi He, Xiangyu Zhang, Yang Yu, and Dongyu Tian. This work was supported by Feihu Zhang (Grant No. 2016YFB1102204 and Grant No. 2018ZX04015001-005). All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yingjie Li or Feihu Zhang.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

The research does not involve human participants and/or animals.

Informed consent

Consent to submit the paper for publication has been received explicitly from all co-authors.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Highlights

(1) The work illustrates the selection of an appropriate and optimal self-adaption dressing process for the grinding wheel parameters, which are of significance to the finish surface quality, cylindricity, and parallelism of the ceramic base grinding wheel in precision grinding.

(2) The feasibility of self-adaption-dressing process for centerless grinding is verified. To improve the finish surface quality, roundness and parallelism of the YAG optical crystal are established in the geometric mathematical model which is then tested in verification.

(3) A 3D (three-dimensional) analytical model and precision process for the precise centerless grinding of YAG crystal material is established. Grinding gap geometry and precision grinding process parameters based on real-time adjustment are designed and tested.

Supplementary information

ESM 1

(DOC 17141 kb)

(MP4 615 kb)

(MP4 387 kb)

(MP4 622 kb)

(MP4 669 kb)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xu, J., He, Q., Zhang, X. et al. Euler’s equation grinding track, microgrinding mechanism, and process research of space optical crystal materials. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 128, 5209–5221 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12193-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12193-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation