Abstract
The R-Test measures the three-dimensional displacement of a tool center point with respect to a work table in five-axis machine tool, as linear axes are driven synchronously with a rotary axis. This paper experimentally compares the measuring performance of the R-Test instruments with (1) tactile linear displacement sensors, (2) laser displacement sensors based on the refraction in a glass ball lens (Laser R-Test), and (3) laser interferometers, in dynamic tests described in ISO 10791-6:2014. A tactile displacement sensor pushes its measuring contact to the target surface by a spring, and its stiffness can limit the measurement bandwidth. This paper experimentally investigates this influence in the measurement of dynamic synchronization error of rotary and linear axes particularly near the reversal point in the present tests. This paper also presents a test to measure the bandwidth of a tactile displacement sensor.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data and material that support the findings of this study are available on request.
Code Availability
Not applicable.
References
ISO 230-7:2015, Test code for machine tools – Part 7: Geometric accuracy of axes of rotation
ISO 10791-1: 2015, Test conditions for machining centres – Part 1: Geometric tests for machines with horizontal spindle (horizontal Z-axis)
Weikert S (2004) R-Test, a new device for accuracy measurements on five axis machine tools. Annals of CIRP - Manufacturing Technology 53(1):429–432
Bringmann B, Knapp W (2006) Model-based ’Chase-the-Ball’ calibration of a 5-axis machining center. Annals of CIRP - Manufacturing Technology 55(1):531–534
Ibaraki S, Oyama C, Otsubo H (2011) Construction of an error map of rotary axes on a five-axis machining center by static R-test. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 51(3):190–200
Hong C, Ibaraki S (2012) Graphical presentation of error motions of rotary axes on a five-axis machine tool by static R-test with separating the influence of squareness errors of linear axes. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 59:24–33
Ibaraki S, Nagai Y, Otsubo H, Sakai Y, Morimoto S, Miyazaki Y (2015) R-test analysis software for error calibration of five-axis machine tools -application to a five-axis machine tool with two rotary axes on the tool side-. Int J Autom Technol 9(4):387–395
Florussen G, Houben K, Spaan H, Spaan-Burke T (2020) Automating accuracy evaluation of 5-axis machine tools. Int J Autom Technol 14(3):409–416
ISO 10791-6: 2014, Test conditions for machining centres – Part 6: Accuracy of speeds and interpolations
Lei WT, Hsu YY (2002) Accuracy test of five-axis CNC machine tool with 3D probe-ball. Part I: Design and modeling. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 42(10):1153–1162
Ihara Y, Hiramatsu Y (2011) Design of motion accuracy measurement device for NC machine tools with three displacement sensors. Int J Autom Technol 5(6):847–854
Zargarbashi SHH, Mayer JRR (2009) Single setup estimation of a five axis machine tool eight link errors by programmed end point constraint and on the fly measurement with Capball sensors. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 49:759–766
Hong C, Ibaraki S (2013) Non-contact R-test with laser displacement sensors for error calibration of five-axis machine tools. Precis Eng 37(1):159–171
Guo Y, Song B, Tang X, Zhou X, Jiang Z (2021) A calibration method of non-contact R-test for error measurement of industrial robots. Measurement 173(2021):108365
Jiang L, Peng B, Ding G, Qin S, Zhang J, Yong L (2020) Optimization method for systematically improving non-contact R test accuracy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 107:1697–1711
Ibaraki S, Kitagawa T, Kimura Y, Nishikawa S (2017) On the limitation of dual-view triangulation in reducing the measurement error induced by the speckle noise in scanning operations. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 88(1):731–737
Nishiguchi N, Ryuta S, Shirase K (2016) Evalation and compensation of dynamic behavior of rotary axis by motion direction changes in 5-axis controlled machining center. Journal of the Japan Society of Precition Engieering 82(10):913–918 ((in Japanese))
Nishiguchi N, Ryuta S, Shirase K (2017) Evalation of axial displacement caused by rotary axis motion direction change in five-axis controlled machining centers. Journal of the Japan Society of Precition Engieering 83(9):893–898 ((in Japanese))
Jiang Z, Ding J, Zhang J, Ding Q, Li Q, Du L, Wang W (2019) Research on detection of the linkage performance for five-axis CNC machine tools based on RTCP trajectories combination. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 100:941–962
ISO 10791-7:2020 Test conditions for machining centres – Part 7: Accuracy of finished test pieces
Wang W, Jiang Z, Jiang Z, Tao W (2015) A new test part to identify performance of five-axis machine tool - Part II validation of S part. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 79(5–8):739–756
Chanal H, Duc E, Chevalier A (2022) Studying the influence of the machining process on the geometrical defects of the standardized S-shape test part. Precis Eng 75:193–209
Li Q, Ibaraki S, Wang W (2022) Proposal of a machining test to evaluate dynamic synchronization error of rotary and linear axes with reversal of rotation direction. Transactions of the ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 144(4)
Jywe WY, Hsu TH, Liu CH (2012) Non-bar, an optical calibration system for five-axis CNC machine tools. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 59:16–23
Lin MT, Wu SK (2013) Modeling and analysis of servo dynamics errors on measuring paths of five-axis machine tools. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 66:1–14
Tran CS, Hsieh TH, Jywe WY (2021) Laser R-test for angular positioning calibration and compensation of the five-axis machine tools. Appl Sci 11(20):9507
Heidenhain, Linear gauges. https://www.heidenhain.com/en_US/products/length-gauges/. Accessed 1 March 2023
Keyence, SI-F series catalog. https://www.keyence.com/products/measure/spectral/si-f/models/si-f10/. Accessed 1 March 2023
Onishi S, Ibaraki S, Kato T, Yamaguchi M, Sugimoto T (2022) A self-calibration scheme to monitor long-term changes in linear and rotary axis geometric errors. Measurement 196:111183
Ibaraki S, Inui H, Hong C, Nishikawa S, Shimoike M (2019) On-machine identification of rotary axis location errors under thermal influence by spindle rotation. Precis Eng 55:42–47
ISO 230-4: 2022, Test code for machine tools – Part 4: Circular tests for numerically controlled machine tools
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Experiments, data collection and analysis were performed by Soichi Ibaraki and Koki Onodera. Wen-Yuh Jywe, Chia-Ming Hsu, and Yu-Wei Chang designed and constructed the Laser R-Test and analyzed experimental data. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Soichi Ibaraki and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants.
Consent for publication
Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ibaraki, S., Onodera, K., Jywe, WY. et al. Experimental comparison of non-contact and tactile R-Test instruments in dynamic measurement. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 128, 5277–5288 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12178-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-12178-3