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The microstructure diversity in different areas of the ring-route Al 6061-T6 additive zone by friction stir additive manufacturing

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Abstract

Friction stir additive manufacturing technology has emerged as an efficient solid-state process option that provides superior connectivity for lightweight structural material with equiaxed microstructures and outstanding mechanical properties. In this paper, a multilayer ring-shaped build made from 6061-T6 aluminum alloy using friction stir additive manufacturing (FSAM) was characterized. The rotating torque exerted on the friction tool by the surrounding material was measured as it moves to the middle and the end of the ring. Additionally, the correlation between the microstructure and the rotating torque was investigated. The results revealed a significant decrease in rotating torque when the stir tool returned to its original position in the additive zone, leading to a reduction in grain size within the additive zone. Underneath the bottom of the stir zone, there was an overlapping interface filled with deformed grains. Along the horizontal direction, the highest hardness existed in the base material region, while the lowest value appeared in the mixed area of the thermal–mechanical affected zone and heat-affected zone. The hardness value of the stir zone was found to be intermediate between the base material region and the mixed area of the thermal–mechanical affected zone and heat-affected zone. The highest and lowest hardness values along the tool-axial direction were observed at the top of the stir zone and the overlapping interface below it.

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Funding

This work was supported by the project from the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program (JCKY2020605C006).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China

    Yumeng Zhang, Xiaohu Guan, Leilei Wang & Xiaohong Zhan

  2. Chinese People’s Liberation Army Armored Force Engineering Institute, Beijing, China

    Xiaoming Wang

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  1. Yumeng Zhang
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  2. Xiaohu Guan
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  3. Leilei Wang
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  4. Xiaoming Wang
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  5. Xiaohong Zhan
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Yumeng Zhang. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Yumeng Zhang. The manuscript was reviewed and edited by Xiaohu Guan. And all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Leilei Wang or Xiaohong Zhan.

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Zhang, Y., Guan, X., Wang, L. et al. The microstructure diversity in different areas of the ring-route Al 6061-T6 additive zone by friction stir additive manufacturing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 128, 4857–4871 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11882-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11882-4

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