Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A special extrusion-shear manufacturing method for magnesium alloy rods based on finite element numerical simulation and experimental verification

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The influences of extrusion conditions and die structures on magnesium alloy rods prepared by extrusion-shear (ES) have been researched by finite element simulations and experiments. Computer finite element simulation software (DEFORM-3DTM finite element software) was used to simulate the evolution of load during the ES process with different preheated billet temperatures and strokes and channel angles. Microstructures of AZ31 magnesium alloy sampled from extruded rods prepared by direct extrusion and the ES process were observed to analyze deformation mechanisms. The results show that compared with the direct extrusion process, the ES process can significantly improve the equivalent strain value and deformation range of AZ31 magnesium alloy, thus refining the microstructure of magnesium alloy. Comparing the microstructure of the magnesium alloy at different preheating temperatures, it can be found that the grain growth rate of the ES process with a higher preheating temperature is significantly higher than that of the ES process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.

References

  1. Du YZ, Liu DJ, Ge YF et al (2020) Effects of deformation parameters on microstructure and texture of Mg-Zn-Ce alloy. T Nonferr Metal Soc 30(10):2658–2668. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(20)65410-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Liu D, Liu ZY, Wang ED (2015) Evolution of twins and texture and its effects on mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets under different rolling process parameters. T Nonferr Metal Soc 25(11):3585–3594. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63999-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ding YL, Wang JG, Zhao M et al (2018) Effect of annealing temperature on joints of diffusion bonded Mg/Al alloy. T Nonferr Metal Soc 28(2):251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64658-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Guo LL, Fujita F (2018) Effect of deformation mode, dynamic recrystallization and twinning on rolling texture evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloys. T Nonferr Metal Soc 28(6):1094–1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64745-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Chen Q, Zhang XH, Lin J et al (2019) Isothermal closed-die forming process of magnesium alloy upper receiver: numerical simulation and experiments. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 102:685–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-03209-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Józef J, Krzysztof K (2021) Microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy produced by friction stir processing with air-cooling. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 116:1309–1323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07474-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Öğüt S, Kaya H, Kentli A et al (2021) Applying hybrid equal channel angular pressing (HECAP) to pure copper using optimized Exp.-ECAP die. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 116:3859–3876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07717-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Jiang LX, Zhao JH, Ma YH et al (2015) Effect of equal-channel angular pressing and aging on corrosion behavior of ZK60 Mg alloy. T Nonferr Metal Soc 25:3909–3920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(15)64038-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ahmadi S, Alimirzaloo V, Faraji G et al (2021) Properties inhomogeneity of AM60 magnesium alloy processed by cyclic extrusion compression angular pressing followed by extrusion. T Nonferr Metal Soc 31(3):655–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(21)65527-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ayer Ö (2019) A forming load analysis for extrusion process of AZ31 magnesium. T Nonferr Metal Soc 29(4):741–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(19)64984-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yang Y, Xiong X, Chen J et al (2021) Research advances in magnesium and magnesium alloys worldwide in 2020. J Magnes 9(3):705–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2021.04.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Muñoz JA, Chand M, Signorelli JW et al (2022) Strengthening of duplex stainless steel processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Int J Adv Manuf Technol 123:2261–2278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-10311-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Akbarzadeh B, Gorji H, Bakhshi-Jooybari M et al (2022) Investigation of mechanical and microstructural properties of pure copper processed by combined extrusion-equal channel angular pressing (C-Ex-ECAP). Int J Adv Manuf Technol 113:2175–2191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06692-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bahmani A, Arthanari S, Shin KS (2019) Improved corrosion resistant and strength of a magnesium alloy using multi-directional forging (MDF). Int J Adv Manuf Technol 105:785–797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04176-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Asadi P, Akbari M, Kohantorabi O et al (2022) Characterization of the influence of rotational and traverse speeds on the mechanical and microstructural properties of wires produced by the FSBE Method. Strength Mater 54:318–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-022-00403-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Asadi P, Akbari M (2021) Numerical modeling and experimental investigation of brass wire forming by friction stir back extrusion. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 116:3231-3245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07729-5

  17. Ebrahimi M, Zhang L, Wang Q et al (2021) Damping characterization and its underlying mechanisms in CNTs/AZ91D composite processed by cyclic extrusion and compression. J Mater Sci Eng A 821:141605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Agnew SR, Horton JA, Lilloet TM et al (2004) Enhanced ductility in strongly textured magnesium produced by equal channel angular processing. J Scripta Mater 50(3):377–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2003.10.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Sun WT, Qiao XG, Zheng MY et al (2018) Exceptional grain refinement in a Mg alloy during high pressure torsion due to rare earth containing nanosized precipitates. J Mater Sci Eng A 728:115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.05.021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Jiang MG, Yan H, Chen RS (2015) Microstructure, texture and mechanical properties in an as-cast AZ61 Mg alloy during multi-directional impact forging and subsequent heat treatment. J Mater Des 87:891–900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hu HJ, Li YY, Gong XB et al (2015) Relationships between the process conditions and microstructures evolution for extrusion-shear of magnesium alloy. Russ J Non-Ferr Met 56(4):455–460. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821215040069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hu HH, Fan JZ (2014) The effects of billet temperature on compound extrusion of magnesium alloy by three-dimensional finite element modeling and experiments. J P I Mech Eng B-J Eng 228(11):1449–1457. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954405413519433

  23. Hu HJ (2013) The effects of process parameters on evolutions of thermodynamics and microstructures for composite extrusion of magnesium alloy. Adv Mater Sci Eng 2013:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/259594

  24. Hu HJ (2013) The effects of special extrusion on the grain refinements of magnesium alloy. Int J Microstruct Mater Prop 8(6):436–446. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmmp.2013.059479

  25. Hu HJ (2013) Grain refinement of Mg-Al alloys by optimization of process parameters based on three-dimensional finite element modeling of roll casting. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China 23(3):773–780. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62528-5

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Engineering College, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400050, China

    Huiling Zhang, Hongjun Hu, Hui Zhao, Yang Li & Ou Zhang

Authors
  1. Huiling Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hongjun Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hui Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ou Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Huiling Zhang: writing—original draft, investigation, methodology, data curation, visualization. Hongjun Hu: funding acquisition, project administration, writing—review and editing. Hui Zhao: methodology, resources, data curation. Yang Li: methodology, software, investigation, validation. Ou Zhang: methodology, supervision, formal analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hongjun Hu.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

No animals have been used in any experiments.

Consent to participate

There are no humans who have been used in any experiments.

Consent for publication

The authors confirm that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis); that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any; and that its publication has been approved (tacitly or explicitly) by the responsible authorities at the institution where the work is carried out. The authors agree to publication in the journal indicated below and also to publication of the article in English by Springer in Springer’s corresponding English-language journal.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Disclaimer

The copyright to the English-language article is transferred to Springer effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. The author warrants that his/her contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature. After submission of the agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted by Springer.

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, H., Hu, H., Zhao, H. et al. A special extrusion-shear manufacturing method for magnesium alloy rods based on finite element numerical simulation and experimental verification. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 128, 451–457 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11801-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11801-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation