Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of cold-rolling operation parameters on the surface quality of stainless steel and titanium strips with oil pits

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The leading quality indicators of cold-rolled strip products include surface roughness and surface finish. The present study investigates the effects of the reduction ratio and lubrication condition (dry or lubricated) on the surface roughness and surface gloss of S304 stainless steel strips and titanium grade 1 strips processed at room temperature with a rolling speed of 0.33 m/s. The results show that for both materials, the contact ratio between the workpiece and the roller increases with an increasing reduction ratio and gives rise to a higher surface gloss. Moreover, the surface gloss obtained under dry conditions is higher than that obtained under lubricated conditions. The peak cross-sectional and pit cross-sectional areas for both materials decrease as the reduction ratio increases. The corresponding improvement in the surface gloss is particularly apparent under dry conditions due to the absence of oil in the oil pits on the rolled surface. The titanium workpiece has a low yield strength of 170 MPa, and hence a high surface gloss can be obtained under a relatively low reduction ratio of 7%. By contrast, the S304 workpiece has a high yield strength of 215 MPa. As a result, a reduction ratio of at least 17.7% is required to flatten the oil pits and obtain a better surface finish. This study identifies the critical operating parameters of cold rolling affecting surface roughness and glossiness and provides insights into enhancing surface finish. Furthermore, it pinpoints that the valley cross-section area is a critical factor in determining the gloss of a surface with noticeable defects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Xie H, Manabe K, Tada K, Jiang Z (2016) Lubrication Characterisation Analysis of Stainless Steel Foil During Micro Rolling. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 82:65–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7344-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Kenmochi K, Yarita I, Abe H, Kobori K (1997) Flattening of Grooves Formed of Intergranular Corrosion for Austenic Stainless Steel Strip in Cold Rolling. Tetsu to Hagane 83(8):13–17. https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.83.8_485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ahmed R, Sutcliffe MPF (2000) Identification of Surface Features on Cold-rolled Stainless Steel Strip. Wear 244:60–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00442-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kenmochi K, Yarita I, Abe H, Fukuhara A, Komatu T, Kaito H (1997) Effect of Micro-defects on the Surface Gloss of Cold-rolled Stainless-Steel Strip. J Mater Process Technol 69(1-3):106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(97)00003-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Yamamoto H, Ikuta H, Shoji F (2007) Surface Characteristics of Stainless Steel Sheets Cold-rolled with Rolls Polished in Axial and Other Directions. Tetsu to Hagane 93(11):687–692. https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.93.687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Todorovic P, Tadic B, Vukelic D, Jeremic M, Randjelovic S, Nikolic R (2015) Analysis of the Influence of Loading and the Plasticity Index on Variations in Surface Roughness between Two Flat Surfaces. Tribol Int 81:276–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2014.09.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sutcliffe MPF, Georgiades F (2002) Characterisation of Pit Geometry in Cold-rolled Stainless Steel Strip. Wear 253:963–974. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(02)00247-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Jeng Y-R, Lee J-T, Hwu Y-J, Liu L-C, Chun-Yi L (2020) Effects of Operation Parameters of Cold Rolling on Surface Finish of Aluminum. Tribol Int 148:106321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chang D-F, Marsault N, Wilson WRD (2008) Lubrication of Strip Rolling in the Low-Speed Mixed Regime. Tribol Trans 39:407–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402009608983546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Jeng Y-R (2008) Impact of Plateaued Surfaces on Tribological Performance. Tribol Trans 39:354–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402009608983538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Qiu ZL, Yuen WYD, Tieu AK (1999) Mixed-Film Lubrication Theory and Tension Effects on Metal Rolling Processes. J Tribol 121:908–915. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2834154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lin H-S, Marsault N, Wilson WRD (1998) A Mixed Lubrication Model for Cold Strip Rolling—-Part I: Theoretical. Tribol Trans 41:317–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402009808983754

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kuo F, Zang Y (2014) Partial Film Lubrication Characteristics of Inlet Zone in Cold Strip Rolling. J Tribol 136:041502. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4027858

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Xing L, Sun J, Wei Z, Li G, Zhang D (2021) Effect of Minimum Friction Coefficient on Vibration Stability in Cold Rolling Mill. Tribol Int 159:106958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2021.106958

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chang L, Jeng Y-R, Qingtao Y (2017) Analysis of Thermal Stability of High-Performance Rolling/Sliding Contacts in Mixed Lubrication. Tribol Trans 60(6):1120–1128. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402004.2016.1262088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wu C, Zhang L, Qu P, Li S, Jiang Z (2022) HD-lubricated High-speed Small Reduction Rolling of Hard Steel Strips with Elastically Deformable Work Rolls. Tribol Int 165:107295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2021.107295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chang L, Jeng Y-R, Huang PY (2013) Modeling and analysis of the meshing losses of involute spur gears in high-speed and high-load conditions. Journal Tribol 135(1). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4007809

  18. Mekicha MA, de Rooij MB, Jacobs L, Matthews DTA, Schipper DJ (2021) Understanding the Generation of Wear Particles in Cold Rolling Processes. Tribol Int 155:106789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106789

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Jacobs LJM, vanDam KNH, Wentink DJ, deRooij MB, van derLugt J, Schipper DJ, Hoefnagels JPM (2022) Effect of Asymmetric Material Entrance on Lubrication in Cold Rolling. Tribol Int 175:107810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2022.107810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Schmid SR, Wilson WRD (1995) Lubrication of Aluminum Rolling by Oil-in-Water Emulsions. Tribol Trans 38:452–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402009508983428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhou G, Li H, He A, Liu C, Sun W, Liu Z, Han C (2022) Simulation and Control of High-order Flatness Defect in Rolling Wide Titanium Strip with 20-high Mill. Int J Adv Manuf 120:5483–5496. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-155420/v1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ahmed R, Sutcliffe MPF (2001) An Experimental Investigation of Surface Pit Evolution During Cold-Rolling or Drawing of Stainless Steel Strip. J Tribol 123:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1327580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mancini E, Campana F, Sasso M, Newaz G (2012) Effects of Cold Rolling Process Variables on Final Surface Quality of Stainless Steel Thin Strip. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 61:63–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-011-3698-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mancini E, Sasso M, Amodio D, Ferretti R, Sanfilippo F (2012) Surface Defect Generation and Recovery in Cold Rolling of Stainless Steel Strips. J Tribol 133:012202. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4002218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Jywe W-Y, Jeng Y-R, Liu C-H, Teng Y-F, Wu CH, Wang HS, Chen Y-J (2008) A novel 5DOF thin coplanar nanometer-scale stage. Precis Eng 32(4):239–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2007.11.001

  26. Bitelli G, Simone A, Girardi F, Lantieri C (2012) Laser Scanning on Road Pavements: A New Approach for Characterizing Surface Texture. Sensors 12(7):9110–9128. https://doi.org/10.3390/s120709110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Whitehouse DJ, Bowen DK, Venkatesh VC, Lonardo P, Brown CA (1994) Gloss and Surface Topography. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 43(2):541–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60500-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The China Steel Corporation, Taiwan, financially supported this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung Township, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan

    Yeau-Ren Jeng, Jong-Ning Aoh, Jian-Ting Lee & Ping-Chi Tsai

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan

    Yeau-Ren Jeng

  3. Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan

    Yeau-Ren Jeng

  4. Iron & Steel Research & Development Department China Steel Corporation, 1, Chung Kang Road, Hsiao Kang, Kaohsiung, 81233, Taiwan

    Lee-Cheng Liu

  5. Mechanical Engineering Department, Wu Feng University, 117, Section 2, Jianguo Road, Ming-Hsiung Township, Chia-Yi, 621303, Taiwan

    Pay-Yau Huang

Authors
  1. Yeau-Ren Jeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jong-Ning Aoh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jian-Ting Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lee-Cheng Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ping-Chi Tsai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Pay-Yau Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Yeau-Ren Jeng: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Jong-Ning Aoh: Supervision, Writing – review & editing. Jian-Ting Lee: Methodology, Software, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Lee-Cheng Liu: Validation, Resources, Ping-Chi Tsai: Writing – review & editing. Pay-Yau Huang: Writing – review & editing.

All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yeau-Ren Jeng.

Ethics declarations

Competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jeng, YR., Aoh, JN., Lee, JT. et al. Effects of cold-rolling operation parameters on the surface quality of stainless steel and titanium strips with oil pits. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 127, 1811–1821 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11685-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11685-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation