Abstract
A novel flexible polishing process has been developed for sapphire wafer by using a polishing plate with a rigid-flexible composite structure to satisfy the demands of excellent surface shape accuracy and high surface topography quality simultaneously. This new polishing plate was fabricated by alternately casting and curing the ring structure of soft and hard unsaturated resins. It is found that the overall stiffness of the polishing plate is improved due to the “hard support frame” of the rigid-flexible polishing plate, as well as the ability of removal selectivity of the polishing plate is strengthened. The topography quality and shape accuracy of sapphire wafer polished by the presented novel polishing process have been compared with those polished by conventional flexible polishing, respectively. Both experiment and simulation results are shown that the surface roughness and topographical variations of sapphire wafer polished by the novel rigid-flexible composite structure polishing plate have been greatly improved. Compared with the conventional flexible polishing, the surface shape accuracy of the sapphire wafer polished by the presented novel polishing process can be improved by 54.1%.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Not applicable.
Code availability
Not applicable.
References
Liu HK, Chen CCA, Chen WC (2020) Effects of compound diamond slurry with graphene for lapping of sapphire wafers. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 106(11–12):4755–4768
Huang S, Li X, Zhao Y, Sun Q, Huang H (2021) A novel lapping process for single-crystal sapphire using hybrid nanoparticle suspensions. Int J Mech Sci 191:106099
Klunnikova Y, Anikeev M, Filimonov A, Kumar R (2020) Machine learning application for prediction of sapphire crystals defects. J Electron Sci Technol 18(1):100029
Ananchenko D, Nikiforov S, Kuzovkov V, Popov A, Ramazanov G, Batalov R, Bayazitov R, Novikov H (2020) Radiation-induced defects in sapphire single crystals irradiated by a pulsed ion beam. Nucl Instrum Meth B 466:1–7
Lee K, Oh S, Kim SJ, Yim SY, Myoung N, Lee K, Kim J, Jung S, Chung T, Park S (2019) Enhanced optical output in InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes by tailored refractive index of nanoporous GaN. Nanotechnology 30(41):415301
Liang Z, Wang X, Wu Y, Xie L, Jiao L, Zhao W (2013) Experimental study on brittle-ductile transition in elliptical ultrasonic assisted grinding (EUAG) of monocrystal sapphire using single diamond abrasive grain. Int J Mach Tool Manu 71:41–51
Li Y, Wang W, Li X, Huang L, Lin Z, Zheng Y, Chen X, Li G (2019) Stress and dislocation control of GaN epitaxial films grown on Si substrates and their application in high-performance light-emitting diodes. J Alloy Compd 771:1000–1008
Nie Q, Jiang Z, Gan Z, Liu S, Yan H, Fang H (2018) Defect analysis of the LED structure deposited on the sapphire substrate. J Cryst Growth 488:1–7
Li Z, Pei Z, Funkenbusch P (2011) Machining processes for sapphire wafers: a literature review. P I Mech Eng B-J Eng 225(7):975–989
Xu L, Lei H, Wang T, Dong Y, Dai S (2019) Preparation of flower-shaped silica abrasives by double system template method and its effect on polishing performance of sapphire wafers. Ceram Int 45(7):8471–8476
Yin D, Niu X, Zhang K, Wang J, Cui Y (2018) Preparation of MgO doped colloidal SiO2 abrasive and their chemical mechanical polishing performance on c-, r- and a-plane sapphire substrate. Ceram Int 44(12):14631–14637
Luo B, Yan Q, Pan J, Lu J, Huang Z (2021) Influences of processing parameters on metal-bonded diamond wheel wear when grinding a sapphire wafer. Diam Relat Mater 113:108275
Luo Q, Lu J, Xu X (2016) Study on the processing characteristics of SiC and sapphire substrates polished by semi-fixed and fixed abrasive tools. Tribol Int 104:191–203
Chen J, Zhu Y, Wang J, Peng Y, Yao J, Ming S (2019) Relationship between mechanical properties and processing performance of agglomerated diamond abrasive compared with single diamond abrasive. Diam Relat Mater 100:107595
Ju Z, Zhu Y, Wang J, Zuo D (2015) The effect of different slurries on material removal of sapphire surface in fixed-abrasive lapping. Int J Mach Mach Mater 17(1):39–48
Xu Y, Lu J, Xu X (2016) Study on planarization machining of sapphire wafer with soft-hard mixed abrasive through mechanical chemical polishing. Appl Surf Sci 389:713–720
Wang Q, Liang Z, Wang X, Zhou T, Zhao W, Wu Y, Jiao L (2016) Investigation on surface formation mechanism in elliptical ultrasonic assisted grinding (EUAG) of monocrystal sapphire based on fractal analysis method. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 87(9–12):2933–2942
Xu W, Lu X, Pan G, Lei Y, Luo J (2010) Ultrasonic flexural vibration assisted chemical mechanical polishing for sapphire substrate. Appl Surf Sci 256(12):3936–3940
Kumar P, More S, Singh R, Joshi S (2013) Experimental characterization of plane and conformal hydrodynamic polishing of machined single crystal sapphire. Manuf Lett 1(2–4):70–73
Xu Y, Lu J, Xu X (2019) Pollution-Free approaches for highly efficient sapphire substrate processing by mechanical chemical polishing. Catalysts 9(7):594
Xu L, Zhang X, Kang C, Wang R, Zou C, Zhou Y, Pan G (2018) Preparation of a novel catalyst (SoFeIII) and its catalytic performance towards the removal rate of sapphire substrate during CMP process. Tribol Int 120:99–104
Wang T, Lei H (2019) Novel polyelectrolyte-Al2O3/SiO2 composite nanoabrasives for improved chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of sapphire. J Mater Res 34(6):1073–1082
Lei H, Liu T, Xu L (2019) Synthesis of Sm-doped colloidal SiO2 composite abrasives and their chemical mechanical polishing performances on sapphire substrates. Mater Chem Phys 237:121819
Dong Y, Lei H, Liu W, Chen Y (2019) Preparation of ellipsoidal rod-shaped silica nanocomposite abrasives by Chromium ion/PEG200 induced method for sapphire substrates chemical mechanical polishing. J Alloy Compd 777:1294–1303
Liu T, Lei H (2017) Nd3+-doped colloidal SiO2 composite abrasives: synthesis and the effects on chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) performances of sapphire wafers. Appl Surf Sci 413:16–26
Kim HM, Park GH, Seo YG, Moon DJ, Cho BJ, Park JG (2015) Comparison between sapphire lapping processes using 2-body and 3-body modes as a function of diamond abrasive size. Wear 332–333:794–799
Xu Y, Lu J, Xu X, Chen CCA, Lin Y (2018) Study on high efficient sapphire wafer processing by coupling SG-mechanical polishing and GLA-CMP. Int J Mach Tool Manu 130–131:12–19
Yuan J, Wang Z, Hong T, Deng Q, Wen D, Lv B (2009) A semi-fixed abrasive machining technique. J Micromech Microeng 19(5):54006
Lu J, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Xu X (2017) The effects of SiO2 coating on diamond abrasives in sol-gel tool for SiC substrate polishing. Diam Relat Mater 76:123–131
Lu J, Li Y, Xu X (2015) The effects of abrasive yielding on the polishing of SiC wafers using a semi-fixed flexible pad. P I Mech Eng B-J Eng 229(1):170–177
Liu J, Xu X (2004) Fabrication of ultra-fine diamond abrasive tools by Sol-Gel. Mater Sci Forum 471–472:426–430
Bai Z, Yan Q, Lu J, Xu X (2014) Parametric investigation into accommodate-sinking effect of cluster magnetorheological effect pad. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 75(9–12):1447–1456
Zhang Y, Wang Q, Li C, Piao Y, Hou N, Hu K (2022) Characterization of surface and subsurface defects induced by abrasive machining of optical crystals using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics. J Adv Res 36:51–61
Li C, Li X, Wu Y, Zhang F, Huang H (2019) Deformation mechanism and force modelling of the grinding of YAG single crystals. Int J Mach Tool Manu 143:23–37
Li C, Piao Y, Meng B, Hu Y, Li L, Zhang F (2022) Phase transition and plastic deformation mechanisms induced by self-rotating grinding of GaN single crystals. Int J Mach Tool Manu 172:103827
Zhang Z, Yan W, Zhang L, Liu W, Song Z (2011) Effect of mechanical process parameters on friction behavior and material removal during sapphire chemical mechanical polishing. Microelectron Eng 88(9):3020–3023
Abdul R, Saad N, Abdullah A (2018) Shape and level bottles detection using local standard deviation and hough transform. Int J Electr Comput Eng 8(6):5032
Poce-Fatou J, Martin J, Alcantara R (2002) Study on shape characterization of crystalline particles: analysis of the standard deviation of the angular projection function. J Phys Chem A 106(26):6334–6338
Fang C, Liu C, Zhao Z, Lin Y, Hu Z, Xu X (2018) Study on geometrical patterns of textured fixed-abrasive pads in sapphire lapping based on trajectory analysis. Precis Eng 53:169–178
Godino L, Pombo I, Girardot J, Sanchez J, Iordanoff I (2020) Modelling the wear evolution of a single alumina abrasive grain: analyzing the influence of crystalline structure. J Mater Process Tech 277:116464
Funding
The authors appreciate the financial support from Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technologe in Fujian Province University (IRTSTFJ), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51775113), Educational and Scientific Research Program for Young and Middle-aged Teachers of the Education Department of Fujian Province (Grant No. JAT190402), and Fujian University of Technology scientific research fund (Grant No. GY-Z19124).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Yongchao Xu and Chen Lin contributed significantly to the compilation of experimental results and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Qianting Wang and Charlesming Zheng helped analyze and revise the manuscript. Youji Zhan and Bingsan Chen contributed to the final proofreading of the review manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, Y., Lin, C., Wang, Q. et al. A novel polishing process with rigid-flexible composite structure plate for sapphire wafer polishing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 122, 659–668 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-09733-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-09733-9