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Physical mechanism of laser-excited acoustic wave and its application in recognition of incomplete-penetration welding defect

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Abstract

Incomplete penetration is a type of welding defect that severely impacts the quality of weldments. In order to identify penetration levels in pulsed laser and plasma transferred arc (laser-PTA) hybrid welding, this paper uses structure-borne acoustic sensors to detect acoustic signals. Their characteristics are then analyzed with respect to the time and frequency domains. Acoustic signals characteristic of incomplete-penetration defects were extracted using a Butterworth band-pass filter. Physical mechanisms of laser-excited acoustic wave were then studied by analyzing the correlation between incomplete-penetration defects and their characteristic acoustic signals. The results showed that acoustic signals correlating to incomplete-penetration defects have characteristic frequencies ranging from 0 to 10 kHz, which are generated by interaction between the pulsed laser beam and molten pool. An incomplete-penetration defect constitutes an acoustic cavity, which is an acoustic transmission structure. The structure of phonation sources and the acoustic cavity are affected by levels of penetration, giving rise to acoustic signals with different characteristics. In general, the study of physical mechanisms of laser-excited acoustic wave lays a foundation for on-line identification of incomplete-penetration defects in laser-PTA hybrid welding.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau of China (Grant No. cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0189) and Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China (Grant No. KJZD-M202001102).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People’s Republic of China

    Yuhua Cai, Yi Luo, Xinxin Wang, Shuqing Yang, Fuyuan Zhang, Fanshun Tang & Yanrui Peng

  2. Chongqing Municipal Engineering Research Center of Institutions of Higher Education for Special Welding Materials and Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People’s Republic of China

    Yuhua Cai, Yi Luo, Xinxin Wang, Shuqing Yang, Fuyuan Zhang, Fanshun Tang & Yanrui Peng

Authors
  1. Yuhua Cai
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  2. Yi Luo
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  3. Xinxin Wang
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  4. Shuqing Yang
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  5. Fuyuan Zhang
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  6. Fanshun Tang
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  7. Yanrui Peng
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Contributions

Yuhua Cai performed the data analyses and wrote the manuscript. Yi Luo contributed to the conception of the study. Xinxin Wang contributed significantly to analysis and manuscript preparation. Shuqing Yang performed the experiment. Fuyuan Zhang helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions. Fanshun Tang performed the experiment. Yanrui Peng helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions.

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Correspondence to Yi Luo.

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Cai, Y., Luo, Y., Wang, X. et al. Physical mechanism of laser-excited acoustic wave and its application in recognition of incomplete-penetration welding defect. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 120, 6091–6105 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-09143-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-09143-x

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