Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A novel method to eliminate the corona bond effect in detecting resistance spot welding joints based on ultrasonic vortex C-Scan technique

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An ultrasonic vortex C-Scan technique has been proposed to inspect stainless steel resistance spot welding (RSW) joints. Wavelet decomposition method is applied to analyze the original A-Scan data. By combination of semisoft threshold constructor and ultrasonic power ratio arithmetic (UPRA), the effect of corona bond is eliminated effectively, and its boundary is abstracted legibly. The nugget diameter measurement error is reduced from 2, approximately, to 0.19 mm. The fitted curve, nugget diameter and tensile strength, can be used to predict maximum tensile strength of joints online without destructive experiment. Shrinkage voids flaws located in the middle of the nugget have little influence on tensile strength.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and material

Not applicable.

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. Pouranvari M (2017) Fracture toughness of martensitic stainless steel resistance spot welds. Mater Sci Eng A 680:97–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.10.088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhou K, Yao P (2019) Overview of recent advances of process analysis and quality control in resistance spot welding. Mech Syst Signal Process 124:170–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.01.041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Khodabakhshi F, Kazeminezhad M, Kokabi AH (2015) Metallurgical characteristics and failure mode transition for dissimilar resistance spot welds between ultra-fine grained and coarse-grained low carbon steel sheets. Mater Sci Eng A 637:12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.04.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Manladan SM, Yusof F, Ramesh S, Fadzil M (2016) A review on resistance spot welding of magnesium alloys. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 86:5–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-8258-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Sun X, Stephens EV, Mohammad A Effects of fusion zone size and failure mode on peak load and energy absorption of advanced high strength steel spot welds under lap shear loading conditions. Eng Fail Anal 15(4):2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2007.01.018

  6. Mukhopadhyay G, Bhattacharya S, Ray KK (2008) Strength assessment of spot-welded sheets of interstitial free steels. J Mater Proc Tech 209(4):1995–2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.04.065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Banerjee P, Sarkar R, Pal TK, Shome M (2016) Effect of nugget size and notch geometry on the high cycle fatigue performance of resistance spot welded DP590 steel sheets. J Mater Proc Tech 238:226–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.07.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Mohammed HG, Ginta TL, Mustapha M The investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel. Mater Today: Proceedings 46(2021):1640–1644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.258

  9. Jagadeesha T (2017) Experimental studies in weld nugget strength of resistance spot-welded 316L austenitic stainless steel sheet. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 93:505–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0517-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Abdelhalim B, and Ali M, (2018) The use of ultrasonic pulse velocity to estimate the water permeability of concretes. MATEC Web of Conf 149. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814901065

  11. Alarcón María J, Barrera, M, Hernández, J, Lisboa, J, Olivares, L, Navarrete, A, (2020) Methodology for ultrasonic inspection of dispersion type U–Mo fuel plates. Progress in Nuclear Energy. 130. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PNUCENE.2020.103572.

  12. Wang J,Wang C,Huang X,Zou J, (2020) "Research on multi-frequency ultrasonic scanning detecting technology of cavity in the test borehole." Bullet Eng Geol Environ. Prepublish.doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01979-5.

  13. Ilaria P, Valentina L, Antonio L (2021) Ultrasonic inspection of composites materials: application to detect impact damage. Int J Lightweight Mater Manuf 4(1):37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJLMM.2020.04.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zeng W,Cai M,Wang P,Lu T,Yao F, (2020) Application of laser ultrasonic technique for detecting weld defect based on FDST method. Optik 221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165366.

  15. Thornton M, Han L, Shergold M (2012) Progress in NDT of resistance spot welding of aluminium using ultrasonic C-scan. NDT E Int 48:30–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2012.02.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Martín Ó, Pereda M, Santos JI, Galán JM (2014) Assessment of resistance spot welding quality based on ultrasonic testing and tree-based techniques. J Mater Proc Tech 214(11):2478–2487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.05.021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu J, Xu G, Xiaopeng G, Zhou G (2015) Ultrasonic test of resistance spot welds based on wavelet package analysis. Ultrasonics 56:557–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2014.10.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wang X, Sanyue G, Lin H, Wang B, He X (2018) Classification of spot-welded joint strength using ultrasonic signal time-frequency features and PSO-SVM method. Ultrasonics 91:161–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2018.08.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Matsuda K, Kodama S (2020) Evaluation of corona bond strength of resistance spot welding. Sci Technol Weld Join 25(1):66–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2019.1613010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Pouranvari M, Marashi SPH (2011) Failure mode transition in AHSS resistance spot welds. Part I. Controlling factors. Mater Sci Eng A 528(29-30):8337–8343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.08.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Pouranvari M, Marashi SPH, Safanama DS (2011) Failure mode transition in AHSS resistance spot welds. Part II: Experimental investigation and model validation. Mater Sci Eng A 528(29-30):8344–8352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.08.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Yu Z, Guo J, Yang L, Luo Z, Xu Z (2020) A comparative study between the mechanical and microstructural properties of resistance spot welding joints among ferritic AISI 430 and austenitic AISI 304 stainless steel. J Mater Res Technol 9(1):574–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.10.086

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51605468, Grant 31702393, and Grant 32073028; in part by the Ningbo Public Welfare Key Project under Grant 2019C10098 and Grant 2019B10079; and in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo under Grant 2019A610092; and in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province under Grant 2019-MS-334.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China

    Bo Zhang & Baojun Zhang

  2. School of Information Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, 315100, China

    Weiming Cai, Lang Wang & Yitao Zhang

  3. College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Yitao Zhang

Authors
  1. Bo Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Baojun Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Weiming Cai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lang Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yitao Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Bo Zhang and Weiming Cai conceived and designed the experiments; Baojun Zhang and Yitao Zhang performed the experiments; Lang Wang were in charge of the results testing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Weiming Cai.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, B., Zhang, B., Cai, W. et al. A novel method to eliminate the corona bond effect in detecting resistance spot welding joints based on ultrasonic vortex C-Scan technique. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 117, 3241–3252 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07875-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07875-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation