Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis on the interference assembly of camshaft with knurled tube and cam

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Interference joint is one of the most advanced assembly methods for camshaft. The joining force in the assembly process and the connection strength after assembly are the key aspects of the camshaft assembly system. In this paper, the mechanism of joining force and connection strength are analyzed from two aspects of elasticity and plasticity using thick-wall cylinder model. Joining and torsion experiments are done to determine the joining force and connection strength. Joining forces fluctuating increase in the joining process, which is composed by friction force Fs and shearing force Ff. Fs is 0.87 KN, and Ff is 6.23 KN when the assembly interference is 0.15mm. Joining force linear increases with the interference, and torque exponential increases with it. The empirical formulas between the torque capacity, joining force, and interference of the camshaft are provided by the experiment results. The assembly interference limit of 0.3mm is estimated for the case of this paper. Metallographic observation reveals the changes of metal flow line of the knurled tube. The top of knurled tooth turns over and an inverted triangle formed after joining process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. Bonatesta F, Altamore G, Kalsi J, Cary M (2016) Fuel economy analysis of part-load variable camshaft timing strategies in two modern small-capacity spark ignition engines. Appl Energy 164:475–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Hürkamp A, Dér A, Gellrich S, Ossowski T, Lorenz R, Behrens BA, Herrmann C, Dröder K, Thiede S (2020) Integrated computational product and production engineering for multi-material lightweight structures. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 110(9):2551–2571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05895-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Cicconi P, Landi D, Germani M (2018) An ecodesign approach for the lightweight engineering of cast iron parts. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 99(9):2365–2388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2649-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Nosrati HG, Gerdooei M (2018) Feasibility study of cam-shaped tube production using elastomeric tool versus fluid forming method. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 95:3029–3036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1425-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ma JP, Yang LF, Liu J, Chen ZB, He YL (2021) Evaluating the quality of assembled camshafts under pulsating hydroforming. J Manuf Process 61:69–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.11.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Matsumoto R, Hanami S, Ogura A, Yoshimura H, Osakada K (2008) New plastic joining method using indentation of cold bar to hot forged Part. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 57(1):279–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2008.03.126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang P, Kou SQ, Li C, Kou ZM (2018) Joint mechanism and prediction of strength for a radial knurling connection of assembled camshaft using a subsequent modeling approach. SAE Int J Engines 3(11):301–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Mori KI, Bay N, Fratini L, Micari F, Tekkaya AE (2013) Joining by plastic deformation. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 62:673–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2013.05.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhao J, Wang JX, Yu C, Tang SQ, Yao J (2019) Influence of radial interference on torque capacity of shrink-fit camshaft. Adv Mech Eng 11(4):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814018817640

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Weddeling C, Woodward ST, Marré M, Nellesen J, Psyk V, Tekkaya AE, Tillmann W (2011) Influence of groove characteristics on strength of form-fit joints. J Mater Process Technol 211:925–935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.08.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kleditzsch S, Lätzer M, Awiszus B, Leidich E (2014) Numerical investigation of knurled shaft-hub connections and especially of the joining process. Mater Sci Forum 773(18):18–27. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.773-774.18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kleditzsch S, Awiszus B, Lätzer M, Leidich E (2015) Numerical and analytical investigation of steel–aluminum knurled interference fits: joining process and load characteristics. J Mater Process Technol 219:286–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.12.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang P, Kou SQ, Lin BJ, Wang YM (2015) Optimization for radial knurling connection process of assembled camshaft using response surface method. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 77:653–661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6486-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sen S, Aksakal B (2004) Stress analysis of interference fitted shaft-hub system under transient heat transfer conditions. Mater Design 25(5):407–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2003.11.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Cao R, Li L, Zhang J, Chen JH (2010) Internal stress analysis of interference fittings of TiAl turbine shaft and K418 alloy sleeve. Phys Test Chem Anal 46:552–556

    Google Scholar 

  16. Luo Y, Wang XD, Wang MX, Tan DB, Zhang T, Yang YC (2013) A force/stiffness compensation method for precision multi-peg-hole assembly. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 67:951–956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4539-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kim J, Kim SW, Park HJ, Kang BS (2006) A prediction of bursting failure in tube hydroforming process based on plastic instability. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 27:518–524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-004-2204-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Song WJ, Kim SW, Kim J, Kang BS (2005) Analytical and numerical analysis of bursting failure prediction in tube hydroforming. J Mater Process Technol 164:1618–1623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.01.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Watson M, Long H, Lu B (2015) Investigation of wrinkling failure mechanics in metal spinning by Box-Behnken design of experiments using finite element method. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 78(5):981–995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6694-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhao YH, Li QH, Li FG, Wang CP (2012) Research on grading expanding process and crack for rings. China Metalforming Equipment & Manufacturing Technology 1:79–83

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ben NY, Zhang DW, Liu N, Zhao XP, Guo ZJ, Zhang Q, Zhao SD (2017) FE modeling of warm flanging process of large T-pipe from thick-wall cylinder. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 93:3189–3201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0739-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ran JQ, Zhang GQ, Chen GP, Wang JL, Deng BL, Kuz’min MP, Xu T, Gong F (2020) A multi–strain-rate damage model on fracture prediction in single-point diamond turning process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 110(9):2753–2765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06023-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Guo XZ, Xiong H, Xu Y, Elaty AA, Ma YN, Zhao YH, Zhang SH (2018) U-R relationship prediction method for aluminum alloy circular tube free-bending process based on sensitivity analysis of material parameters. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 99(5):1967–1977. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2614-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Wen BC, Huang WH, Tan JR (2010) Mechanical design manual. Machinery Industry Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  25. Yang GM, Coquille JC, Fontaine JF, Lambertin M (2002) Contact pressure between two rough surfaces of a cylindrical fit. J Mater Process Technol 123:490–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00139-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Blanchard P, Nigarura S, Trasorras J, Wordsworth R (2000) Assembled camshaft with sintered cam lobes: torsional fatigue strength and wear performance. SAE 2000 World Congress. https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0397

Download references

Funding

This work was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2016EEP04).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechatronics Engineering Department, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 256603, China

    Xiaoming Huang, Weitao Sun, Xiaoliang Liu, Yucan Wang, Jin Xing, Hailin Bi, Yuqian Wang & Wentao You

  2. Ningbo Shenglong Group Co., Ltd., Ningbo, 315000, China

    Xiaoming Huang

Authors
  1. Xiaoming Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Weitao Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiaoliang Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yucan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jin Xing
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hailin Bi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yuqian Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Wentao You
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

The author contributions are as follows: Xiaoming Huang was in charge of the whole trial and designed the study; Xiaoming Huang and Wentao You wrote and edited the manuscript; Weitao Sun and Yuqian Wang assisted with sampling and laboratory analyses; Xiaoliang Liu and Yucan Wang provided guidance and discussion in theory; Jin Xing and Hailin Bi performed the experiments. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaoming Huang.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

Ethics approval was not required for this research.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publish

This work has not been submitted and not been published previously, is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and is approved and wish to be considered for publication in The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology by all authors.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Huang, X., Sun, W., Liu, X. et al. Analysis on the interference assembly of camshaft with knurled tube and cam. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 117, 961–969 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07783-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07783-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation