Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

3D printing in construction: state of the art and applications

  • Critical Review
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

3D printing is an emerging technology that revolutionizes the traditional construction industry. Although it has gained wide attention, implementing the state of the art of 3D printing in construction has remained limited. Since the technology has been developing very fast and many innovations have been made public by nonacademic sources, excluding them would inevitably result in an incomplete picture. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to fill this gap by including all the construction 3D printing projects and studies performed from nonacademic sources as well as academic articles. Apart from evaluating the current progress, we also examined the readiness of 3D printing applications in construction, both from technical and nontechnical aspects. As reflected by various printing products and applications, this technology can offer much for the construction industry. However, the current printing technology cannot yet produce products for the construction sector due to limited printing materials, methods, and systems. Many projects have been performed by self-developed printing setups, which are technically similar. In addition, the impacts of the technology have never been quantified. Researchers and practitioners dive into technological developments without knowing whether they would bring benefits to the construction industry. Whether following this new trend and reinventing 3D printing setups a waste of resources remains a question. For its applications in construction, more government support and official national and international building codes can be expected.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and materials

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials.

References

  1. ASTM. (2010). ASTM F2792-12a standard terminology for additive manufacturing technologies. Retrieved from http://www.astm.org/FULL_TEXT/F2792/HTML/F2792.html Accessed 12 March 2020

  2. Prentice S (2014). The five SMART technologies to watch. Retrieved from https://www.gartner.com/doc/2669320?ref=unauthreader Accessed 12 March 2020

  3. MGI. (2013). Disruptive technologies: advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/disruptive-technologies# Accessed 15 March 2020

  4. Evans MA, Ian Campbell R (2003) A comparative evaluation of industrial design models produced using rapid prototyping and workshop-based fabrication techniques. Rapid Prototyp J 9(5):344–351. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552540310502248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Lim S, Buswell RA, Le TT, Austin SA, Gibb AGF, Thorpe T (2012) Developments in construction-scale additive manufacturing processes. Autom Constr 21:262–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2011.06.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Sambu S, Chen Y, Rosen DW (2004) Geometric tailoring: a design for manufacturing method for rapid prototyping and rapid tooling. J Mech Des 126(4):571–580. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1758250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Stratasys. (2016). Urbee, 3D printed car exterier Retrieved from http://www.stratasys.com/resources/case-studies/automotive/urbee Accessed 15 March 2020

  8. Wegrzyn TF, Golding M, Archer RH (2012) Food layered manufacture: a new process for constructing solid foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 27(2):66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2012.04.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Tay YWD, Panda B, Paul SC, Noor Mohamed NA, Tan MJ, Leong KF (2017) 3D printing trends in building and construction industry: a review. Virtual Physical Prototyping 12(3):261–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2017.1326724

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Pegna J (1997) Exploratory investigation of solid freeform construction. Autom Constr 5(5):427–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0926-5805(96)00166-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Khoshnevis B (2003) Toward total automation of on-site construction - an integrated approach based on contour crafting. Paper presented at the 20th International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction Eindhoven, Holland

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. D-shape. (2016). D-shape The Technology. Retrieved from http://d-shape.com Accessed 15 March 2020

  13. Gosselin C, Duballet R, Roux P, Gaudillière N, Dirrenberger J, Morel P (2016) Large-scale 3D printing of ultra-high performance concrete – a new processing route for architects and builders. Mater Des 100:102–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.097

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Krassenstein E (2015). Exclusive: Lewis Grand Hotel erects world’s first 3D printed hotel, plans to print thousands of homes in the Philippines next. Retrieved from https://3dprint.com/94558/3d-printed-hotel-lewis-grand Accessed 12 March 2020

  15. Starr M (2016). Dubai unveils world’s first 3D-printed office building. Retrieved from https://www.cnet.com/news/dubai-unveils-worlds-first-3d-printed-office-building/ Accessed 12 March 2020

  16. Winsun. (2016a). The world’s tallest 3D printed building –a five-story apartment block Retrieved from http://www.winsun3d.com/En Accessed 15 March 2020

  17. MX3D. (2015). 3D printing a steel bridge in Amsterdam. Retrieved from http://mx3d.com/projects/bridge Accessed 12 March 2020

  18. Perkins I, Skitmore M (2015) Three-dimensional printing in the construction industry: a review. Int J Constr Manag 15(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2015.1012136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Lin, X., Zhang, T., Huo, L., Li, G., Zhang, N., & Wang, B. (2016). Preparation and application of 3D printing materials in construction Concrete, 6.

  20. Nerella VN, Hempel S, Mechtcherine V (2017) Micro- and macroscopic investigations on the interface between layers of 3D printed cementitious elements. Paper presented at the International Conference on Adcances in Construction Materials and Systems, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  21. Le TT, Austin SA, Lim S, Buswell RA, Gibb AGF, Thorpe T (2012) Mix design and fresh properties for high-performance printing concrete. Mater Struct 45(8):1221–1232. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9828-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kazemian A, Yuan X, Cochran E, Khoshnevis B (2017) Cementitious materials for construction-scale 3D printing: laboratory testing of fresh printing mixture. Constr Build Mater 145:639–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Pshtiwan S, Jay S, Ali N, Shami N (2017) Modified 3D printed powder to cement-based material and mechanical properties of cement scaffold used in 3D printing. Constr Build Mater 138:398–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ma G, Li Z, Wang L (2018) Printable properties of cementitious material containing copper tailings for extrusion based 3D printing. Constr Build Mater 162:613–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Hambach M, Volkmer D (2017) Properties of 3D-printed fiber-reinforced Portland cement paste. Cem Concr Compos 79:62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.02.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Isolda Agusti-Juan FM, Hack N, Wangler T (2017) Potential benefits of digital fabrication for complex structures: environmental assessment of a robotically fabricated concrete wall. J Clean Prod 154:330–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Augur H (2015). 3D printed concrete at Eindhoven University of Technology. Retrieved from https://all3dp.com/3d-printed-concrete-eindhoven Accessed 7 October 2019

  28. Alec. (2015). INNOprint 3D printer can build emergency housing in just under 30 minutes. Retrieved from http://www.3ders.org/articles/20150716-3d-print-emergency-housing-in-under-30-minutes-with-innoprint-3d-printer.html Accessed 7 October 2019

  29. Block P, Rippmann M, Van Mele T (2017) Compressive assemblies: bottom-up performance for a new form of construction. Archit Des 87(4):104–109. https://doi.org/10.1002/ad.2202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Watkin H (2017). MIT's autonomous construction rig 3D prints affordable homes. Retrieved from https://all3dp.com/mit-autonomous-construction-rig-could-make-3d-printed-homes/ Accessed 7 October 2019

  31. Cesaretti G, Dini E, De Kestelier X, Colla V, Pambaguian L (2014) Building components for an outpost on the Lunar soil by means of a novel 3D printing technology. Acta Astronautica 93:430–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.07.034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Winsun. (2016b). 3D printing construction introduction. Retrieved from http://www.winsun3d.com/En Accessed 7 October 2019

  33. Sohu. (2016). Huashang Tengda in Beijing has 3D printed a 400m2 villa in only 45 days. Retrieved from http://www.sohu.com/a/83620004_105964 Accessed 7 October 2019

  34. Yusuf, B. (2017). Apis Cor 3D prints a small house in 24 hours for $10,000. Retrieved from https://all3dp.com/apis-cor-3d-prints-small-house/ on Feb 28th, 2020 Accessed 7 October 2019

  35. Rudenko A (2014). The castle by 3D-printer. Retrieved from http://www.totalkustom.com/castle-by-3d-printer.html Accessed 7 October 2019

  36. Nanjixiong. (2015). Cool! Easy-to-carry 3D printed modular house can be assembled in very short time Retrieved from http://www.nanjixiong.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=48147&highlight=%B7%BF%CE%DD Accessed 7 October 2019

  37. Khoshnevis B (2004) Automated construction by contour crafting—related robotics and information technologies. Autom Constr 13(1):5–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2003.08.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Dini, E. (2018). D-shape. Retrieved from http://d-shape.com Accessed 7 October 2019

  39. Krassenstein E (2014). 3D print your next house-BetAbram plans to sell 3D house printers for 12,000 euros this summer. Retrieved from https://3dprint.com/4392/3d-house-printer-betabram Accessed 7 October 2019

  40. Panda B, Lim JH, Noor Mohamed NA, Paul SC, Tay YWD, & Tan MJ (2017). Automation of robotic concrete printing using feedback control system. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 34th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC).

  41. Molitch-Hou M (2015). Branch technology is 3D printing the future of construction one wall at a time. Retrieved from http://3dprintingindustry.com/news/branch-technology-is-3d-printing-the-future-of-construction-one-wall-at-a-time-54149 Accessed 7 October 2019

  42. Nanjixiong. (2016a). 3D printed building masterpieces: sleeping room or toilet? . Retrieved from http://www.nanjixiong.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=71550&highlight=%B7%BF%CE%DD Accessed 7 October 2019

  43. Khoshnevis B, Bodiford M, Burks K, Ethridge E, Tucker D, Kim W, … Fiske M (2005). Lunar contour crafting - a novel technique for ISRU-based habitat development. 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-538

  44. Khoshnevis B, Carlson A, Leach N, & Thangavelu M (2016). Contour crafting simulation plan for lunar settlement infrastructure buildup. Paper presented at the The Workshop on Thirteenth Asce Aerospace Division Conference on Engineering.

  45. Lim S, Buswell R, Le T, Wackrow R, Austin S, Thorpe AG (2011) Development of a viable concrete printing process. In: Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC2011). South Korea, Seoul

    Google Scholar 

  46. Dirrenberger J (2016) From architectured materials to the development of large-scale additive manufacturing. Next Gener Build. https://doi.org/10.7480/ngb.3.1.1556

  47. Duballet R, Baverel O, Dirrenberger J (2017) Classification of building systems for concrete 3D printing. Autom Constr 83:247–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.08.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Shepherd P, & Williams C (2017). Shell design considerations for 3D printing with drones. Paper presented at the IASS Annual Symposium 2017 :Interfaces: architecture, engineering, science, UK.

  49. Khoshnevis, B., Yuan, X., Zahiri, B., Zhang, J., & Xia, B. (2015). Deformation analysis of sulfur concrete structures made by contour crafting. Paper presented at the AIAA SPACE 2015 Conference and Exposition.

  50. Rael R, & San Fratello V (2011). Developing concrete polymer building components for 3D printing. Paper presented at the Integration Through Computation - Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture, Calgary/Banff, Canada.

  51. Chang SW, Lin TK, Kuo SY, Huang TH (2017) Integration of high-resolution laser displacement sensors and 3D printing for structural health monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 18(1):19. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Rubio, M., Sonebi M, & Amziane S. (2017). 3D printing of fibre cement-based materials fresh and rheological performance. Paper presented at the Second International Conference on Bio-based Building Materials, UK.

  53. Lin KQ, Cui Y, Su CH (2017) Changing butterfly a large 3D printing work based on structural mechanics. Paper presented at the International Conference on Manufacturing Construction and Energy Engineering, China

    Book  Google Scholar 

  54. Sher, D. (2014). WASP will bring a 4 meter delta 3D printer to make faire rome. Retrieved from http://3dprintingindustry.com/news/wasp-will-bring-4-meter-delta-3d-printer-maker-faire-rome-33832/ Accessed 7 October 2019

  55. Dadi GB, Goodrum PM, Taylor TRB, Carswell CM (2014) Cognitive workload demands using 2D and 3D spatial engineering information formats. J Constr Eng Manag 140(5):04014001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000827

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Clarke, C. (2017). French Batiprint3D project to construct house with “inside-out” 3D printing. Retrieved from http://3dprintingindustry.com/news/french-batiprint3d-project-construct-house-inside-3d-printing-110099 Accessed 7 October 2019

  57. Chang BC, Lee J, Lee TS (2013) Experimental study on waterless lunar concrete for landing pad construction. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress. IAC, South Korea

    Google Scholar 

  58. Stathas D, Wang JP, Ling HI (2017) Model geogrids and 3D printing. Geotext Geomembr 45(6):688–696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.07.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Dakhli Z, Lafhaj Z (2016) Experimental and numerical prototyping of a complex cement column formwork for construction. Archit Eng Design Manag 13(2):147–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2016.1226745

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Masera G, Muscogiuri M, Bongiovanni A, & Colombo M (2017). Towards a new digital craft potential and limitations of 3D printing in architecture and construction environment. Paper presented at the ISTeA Conference 2017 - Reshaping the construction industry, Italy.

  61. Sculpteo. (2012). Take a look at the Rygo, the largest 3D printed sculpture in North America. Retrieved from https://www.sculpteo.com/blog/2012/07/26/take-a-look-at-the-rygo-the-largest-3d-printed-sculpture-in-north-america/ Accessed 7 October 2019

  62. Watkin H (2016). Winterfell from game of thrones is 3D printed in cement. Retrieved from https://all3dp.com/winterfell-3d-printed-cement/ Accessed 12 February 2020

  63. Khoshnevis B, Hwang D, Yao K-T, Yeh Z (2006) Mega-scale fabrication by contour crafting (Vol. 1). Int J Ind Syst Eng. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJISE.2006.009791

  64. Khoshnevis B, Thangavelu M, Yuan X, & Zhang J (2013). Advances in contour crafting technology for extraterrestrial settlement infrastructure buildup. Paper presented at the AIAA SPACE 2013 Conference and Exposition.

  65. Musipov HN, Nikitin VS, Bakanovskaya LN (2017) Technology for subsea 3D printing structures for oil and gas production in Arctic region. IOP Conf Series: Materials Science and Engineering 262:012069. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/262/1/012069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Ceccanti F, Dini E, Kestelier XD, Colla V, Pambaguian L (2010) 3D printing technology for a moon outpost exploiting lunar soil. Paper presented at the 61st International Astronautical Congress 2010. IAC 2010, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  67. Griffiths, A. (2013). British architect claims “first architectual application” of 3D printing. Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2013/12/02/first-architectural-application-of-3d-printing-adrian-priestman-6-bevis-marks Accessed 12 February 2020

  68. Zareiyan B, Khoshnevis B (2017) Effects of interlocking on interlayer adhesion and strength of structures in 3D printing of concrete. Autom Constr 83:212–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.08.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Davtalab O, Kazemian A, Khoshnevis B (2018) Perspectives on a BIM-integrated software platform for robotic construction through Contour Crafting. Autom Constr 89:13–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2018.01.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Bos F, Wolfs R, Ahmed Z, Salet T (2016) Additive manufacturing of concrete in construction: potentials and challenges of 3D concrete printing. Virtual Physical Prototyping 11(3):209–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2016.1209867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Malaeb Z, AlSakka F, Hamzeh F (2019) 3D Concrete printing: machine design, mix proportioning, and mix comparison between different machine setups. 3D Concrete PrintTechnol 2019:115–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815481-6.00006-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Gardiner J, Janssen S, & Kirchner N (2016). A realisation of a construction scale robotic system for 3D printing of complex formwork. ISARC 2016 - 33rd International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, 515 - 521

  73. Ding L, Wei R, Che H (2014) Development of a BIM-based automated construction system. Proc Eng 85:123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Li, X., Qureshi, A., & Al-Hussein, M. (2017). Developing a BIM-based integrated model for CAD to CAM production automation. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction.

  75. Sakin M, Kiroglu YC (2017) 3D printing of buildings: construction of the sustainable houses of the future by BIM. Energy Procedia 134:702–711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.562

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Perrot A, Rangeard D, Pierre A (2015) Structural built-up of cement-based materials used for 3D-printing extrusion techniques. Mater Struct 49(4):1213–1220. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0571-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Wu P, Wang J, Wang X (2016) A critical review of the use of 3-D printing in the construction industry. Autom Constr 68:21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.04.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Warszawski, A., & Navon, R. (1998). Implementation of robotics in building: current status and future prospects. J Construct Eng Manag 124(1). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1998)124:1(31)

  79. Peurifoy RL, Oberlender GD, (1996). FORMWORK FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES. ISBN: 0070498385

  80. Ma Y (2016) 3D printing architectural technology and application. Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House, Shanghai

    Google Scholar 

  81. Paul SC, Tay YWD, Panda B, Tan MJ (2018) Fresh and hardened properties of 3D printable cementitious materials for building and construction. Arch Civil Mech Eng 18(1):311–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2017.02.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Kira. (2015). Exclusive: WinSun China builds world’s first 3D printed villa and tallest 3D printed apartment building. Retrieved from http://www.3ders.org/articles/20150118-winsun-builds-world-first-3d-printed-villa-and-tallest-3d-printed-building-in-china.html Accessed 12 February 2020

  83. Krimi I, Lafhaj Z, Ducoulombier L (2017) Prospective study on the integration of additive manufacturing to building industry—case of a French construction company. Addit Manuf 16:107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2017.04.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Zhao X, Riffat S (2007) Prefabrication in house constructions. Int J Low-Carbon Technol 2(1):44–51. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/2.1.44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Valkenaers H, Jansen D, Voet A, Gysel AV, & Ferraris E (2014). Additive manufacturing for concrete A 3D printing principle. Paper presented at the 14th International Conference of the European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, EUSPEN 2014, Belgium.

  86. Molitch-Hou M (2016). Singapore makes plans to 3D print public housing Retrieved from https://3dprintingindustry.com/news/singapore-makes-plans-to-3d-print-public-housing-66453 Accessed 12 February 2020

  87. Wangler T, Lloret E, Reiter L, Hack N, Gramazio F, Kohler M, Flatt R (2016) DIgital concrete: opportunities and challenges. RILEM Tech Lett 1:9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Rouhana CM, Aoun MS, Faek FS, Eljazzar MS, & Hamzeh FR (2014). The reduction of construction duration. Paper presented at the 22nd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction: Understanding and Improving Project Based Production, IGLC 2014, Lebanon.

  89. Nanjixiong. (2016b). Experts suggest 3D printing building criterion be made as soon as possible. Retrieved from http://www.nanjixiong.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=61990&highlight=%BD%A8%D6%FE Accessed 12 February 2020

  90. Commission, E (2014). Resouece efficiency in the building sector. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/environment/eussd/pdf/Resource%20efficiency%20in%20the%20building%20sector.pdf Accessed 12 February 2020

  91. Mehta PK (2001) Reducing the environmental impact of concrete. Concr Int 10(3):5

    Google Scholar 

  92. Kim K, Park S, Kim W, Jeong Y, Lee J (2017) Evaluation of shear strength of RC beams with multiple interfaces formed before initial setting using 3D printing technology. Materials 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10121349

  93. Kohtala C, Hyysalo S (2015) Anticipated environmental sustainability of personal fabrication. J Clean Prod 99:333–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.093

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Jaillon L, Poon CS (2014) Life cycle design and prefabrication in buildings: a review and case studies in Hong Kong. Autom Constr 39:195–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2013.09.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. BCA. prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction (PPVC). Retrieved from https://www.bca.gov.sg/BuildableDesign/ppvc.html Accessed 12 February 2020

  96. Shining3D (2014). Shining3D 3D printing and 3D digitization development and industrialization base is under construction Retrieved from http://en.shining3d.com/news_detail-4265.html Accessed 12 February 2020

  97. Sohu. (2015a). Highspeed railway station erect 3D printed “Heaven Eye”: 3D printing technology first applied in Xinjiang. Retrieved from https://www.sohu.com/a/50371040_119733 Accessed 12 February 2020

  98. Sohu. (2015b). Luban’s hometown plan to build “World Building Park” to 3D print 10,000 buildings. Retrieved from https://www.sohu.com/a/6318156_115588 Accessed 12 February 2020

  99. Yuan X, Zhang X, Liang J, Wang Q, Zuo J (2017) The development of building energy conservation in China: a review and critical assessment from the perspective of policy and institutional system. Sustainability 9(9):1654. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091654

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research and Development Center, Guangdong Zhidao Advanced Civil Engineering Materials Technology Research Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528200, People’s Republic of China

    Yifan Pan, Yulu Zhang & Dakang Zhang

  2. School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, People’s Republic of China

    Yuying Song

Authors
  1. Yifan Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yulu Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dakang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yuying Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Yifan Pan: conceptualization; methodology; resources; analysis; writing—original draft; writing—review and editing

Yulu Zhang: methodology; resources; analysis; writing—review and editing

Dakang Zhang: analysis; writing—review and editing

Yuying Song: writing—figure and table draft

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yulu Zhang.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

Not applicable

Consent to participate

Not applicable

Consent for publication

All the authors give their consents for the publication of identifiable details, which can include photographs and/or videos and/or case history and/or details within the text to be published in the above Journal and Article.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

ESM 1

(XLSX 188 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pan, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D. et al. 3D printing in construction: state of the art and applications. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 115, 1329–1348 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07213-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07213-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation