Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

MWCNTs doped GFRPs drilling: crosscheck among holes obtained by alternative manufacturing methods

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, the holes of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) doped GFRP composite materials were drilled using abrasive water jet (AWJ), CO2 laser cutting, orbital drilling, and punching methods; the effects of these methods on hole quality were determined. The hole entry and exit dimensions were obtained equal and in the desired size by orbital drilling; thus, kerf formation was prevented due to the lateral and face milling of the end mill. The surface hardness change was not observed in the hole circles obtained with the orbital drilling and punching methods. However, epoxy hardening was observed in the hole circles obtained by laser cutting due to the heat effect of laser beam. In AWJ method, matrix-fiber integrity was disrupted, and delamination was observed due to the effect of water pressure and kinetic energy; consequently an increase in material thickness was observed and surface hardness decreased. It was determined that MWCNTs additive increased the surface hardness of composites and maintained its hardness and durability in post-cutting measurements. Splintering and burring were not seen in any method, but fiber carbonization was observed in the inner parts of the hole due to thermal effects in laser cutting.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

References

  1. Panchagnula KK, Palaniyandi K (2018) Drilling on fiber reinforced polymer/nanopolymer composite laminates: a review. J Mater Res Technol 7(2):180–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Katnam KB, Da Silva LFM, Young TM (2013) Bonded repair of composite aircraft structures: A review of scientific challenges and opportunities. Prog Aerosp Sci 61:26–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Madenci E, Özkılıç YO, Gemi L (2020) Experimental and theoretical investigation on flexure performance of pultruded GFRP composite beams with damage analyses. Compos Struct:112162

  4. Hejjaji A, Zitoune R, Toubal L, Crouzeix L, Collombet F (2019) Influence of controlled depth abrasive water jet milling on the fatigue behavior of carbon/epoxy composites. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 121:397–410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Özkan V, Yapici A, Karaaslan M, Akgöl O (2020) Electromagnetic scattering properties of MWCNTs/graphene doped epoxy layered with PVC nanofiber/E-glass composites. J Electron Mater 49(3):2249–2256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Voit M, Reinhart G, Metzger T (2017) Experimental study on water jet cutting of unidirectional carbon fiber fabrics. Procedia CIRP 66:221–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Balakrishnan VS, Seidlitz H (2018) Potential repair techniques for automotive composites: a review. Compos Part B 145:28–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Su F, Zheng L, Sun F, Wang Z, Deng Z, Qiu X (2018) Novel drill bit based on the step-control scheme for reducing the CFRP delamination. J Mater Process Technol 262:157–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. El-Hofy M, Helmy MO, Escobar-Palafox G, Kerrigan K, Scaife R, El-Hofy H (2018) Abrasive water jet machining of multidirectional CFRP laminates. Procedia Cirp 68:535–540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Oliveira V, Sharma SP, De Moura MFSF, Moreira RDF, Vilar R (2017) Surface treatment of CFRP composites using femtosecond laser radiation. Opt Lasers Eng 94:37–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Coleman JN, Khan U, Blau WJ, Gun’ko YK (2006) Small but strong: a review of the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube–polymer composites. Carbon 44(9):1624–1652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yang CK, Lee YR, Hsieh TH, Chen TH, Cheng TC (2018) Mechanical property of multiwall carbon nanotube reinforced polymer composites. Polym Polym Compos 26(1):99–104

    Google Scholar 

  13. Behera RP, Rawat P, Singh KK, Ha SK, Gaurav A, Tiwari SK (2019) Fracture analysis and mechanical properties of three phased glass/epoxy laminates reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Sci Adv Mater Dev 4(2):299–309

    Google Scholar 

  14. Liu L, Qi C, Wu F, Xu J, Zhu X (2018) Experimental thrust forces and delamination analysis of GFRP laminates using candlestick drills. Mater Manuf Process 33(6):695–708

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hejjaji A, Singh D, Kubher S, Kalyanasundaram D, Gururaja S (2016) Machining damage in FRPs: laser versus conventional drilling. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 82:42–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Karataş MA, Gökkaya H (2018) A review on machinability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite materials. Def Technol 14(4):318–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Çelik A, Lazoglu I, Kara A, Kara F (2015) Investigation on the performance of SiAlON ceramic drills on aerospace grade CFRP composites. J Mater Process Technol 223:39–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Mustari A, Chakma P, Sobhan R, & Dhar NR (2020) Investigation on roundness and taper of holes in drilling GFRP composites with variable weight percentages of glass fiber. Materials Today: Proceedings

  19. Bhat R, Mohan N, Sharma S, Pai D, Kulkarni S (2020) Multiple response optimisation of process parameters during drilling of GFRP composite with a solid carbide twist drill. Proceedings, Materials Today

    Book  Google Scholar 

  20. Unde PD, Gayakwad MD, Patil NG, Pawade RS, Thakur DG, & Brahmankar PK (2015) Experimental investigations into abrasive waterjet machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastic. J Compos

  21. Prasad KS, Chaitanya G (2020) Experimental study on surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of hole machining process on GFRP composites using abrasive water jet technique. Materials Today: Proceedings 23:651–658

    Google Scholar 

  22. Riveiro A, Quintero F, Lusquiños F, Del Val J, Comesaña R, Boutinguiza M, Pou J (2012) Experimental study on the CO2 laser cutting of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 43(8):1400–1409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Solati A, Hamedi M, Safarabadi M (2019) Combined GA-ANN approach for prediction of HAZ and bearing strength in laser drilling of GFRP composite. Opt Laser Technol 113:104–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Yung K, Mei S, Yue T (2002) A study of the heat-affected zone in the UV YAG laser drilling of GFRP materials. J Mater Process Technol 122(2–3):278–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Choudhury IA, Chuan PC (2013) Experimental evaluation of laser cut quality of glass fibre reinforced plastic composite. Opt Lasers Eng 51(10):1125–1132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Boccarusso L, De Fazio D, Durante M, Langella A, Minutolo FMC (2019) CFRPs drilling: comparison among holes produced by different drilling strategies. Procedia CIRP 79:325–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Liu D, Tang Y, Cong WL (2012) A review of mechanical drilling for composite laminates. Compos Struct 94(4):1265–1279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zain MSM, Abdullah AB, Samad Z (2017) Effect of puncher profile on the precision of punched holes on composite panels. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 89(9-12):3331–3336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Abdullah AB, Zain MSM, Samad Z (2017) Delamination assessment of punched holes on laminated composite panels based on the profile measurement technique. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 93(1-4):993–1000

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Wiggers H, Ferro O, Sales RDCM, Donadon MV (2018) Comparison between the mechanical properties of carbon/epoxy laminates manufactured by autoclave and pressurized prepreg. Polym Compos 39(S4):E2562–E2572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Ceritbinmez F, & Yapici A (2020) An investigation on cutting of the MWCNTs-doped composite plates by AWJ. Arab J Sci Eng 1-13

  32. Selvam R, Karunamoorthy L, Arunkumar N (2017) Investigation on performance of abrasive water jet in machining hybrid composites. Mater Manuf Process 32(6):700–706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Rao S, Sethi A, Das AK, Mandal N, Kiran P, Ghosh R et al (2017) Fiber laser cutting of CFRP composites and process optimization through response surface methodology. Mater Manuf Process 32(14):1612–1616

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iskenderun Technical University, 31200, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey

    Ferhat Ceritbinmez & Ahmet Yapici

  2. Department of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Engineering, Iskenderun Technical University, 31200, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey

    Vildan Özkan

  3. Faculty of Aviation and Space Sciences, Iskenderun Technical University, 31200, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey

    Goksel Saracoglu

Authors
  1. Ferhat Ceritbinmez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vildan Özkan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Goksel Saracoglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ahmet Yapici
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Study conception and design: Ferhat Ceritbinmez

Acquisition analysis and interpretation of data: Ferhat Ceritbinmez

Drafting of manuscript: Ferhat Ceritbinmez

Critical revision: Ahmet Yapıcı, Vildan Özkan, and Göksel Saraçoğlu

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ferhat Ceritbinmez.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publish

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ceritbinmez, F., Özkan, V., Saracoglu, G. et al. MWCNTs doped GFRPs drilling: crosscheck among holes obtained by alternative manufacturing methods. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 118, 33–41 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07181-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07181-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation