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The study of volumetric wearing of PCBN/W-Re composite tool during friction stir processing of pipeline steels (X70) plates

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Abstract

Friction stir welding is a solid-state joining/processing technique that offers high strength and productivity, resulting in a microstructure similar to hot working cycles. However, high melting temperature metals such as steels cause excessive wear over welding tools, representing a significant economic issue. Most studies conducted in steels have used polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) and W-Re composite tools, which offer a combination of high strength and hardness at high temperatures, along with high-temperature stability. However, even those tools are susceptible to tool wear. In the present study, experimental data was collected during friction stir processing of X70 grade pipeline steel plates, using W-Re and PCBN composite tools under well-controlled conditions. Profilometry and optical microscopy were used to quantify the volume loss at the welding tool due to the number of plunges and the welded distance. Torque and transverse force at the welding tool and the welded bead width were measured and related to the wear process. Tool contamination in boron-nitrogen particles and dissolved tungsten was identified at the stir and hard zones, more substantial at the latter.

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Availability of data and materials

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author [JA. Avila and M. Terada], upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) for technical support during electron microscopy work.

Funding

The authors acknowledge Petrobras for financial support and Usiminas for the API-X70 plates donation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Welding Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Rafael A. R. Giorjão

  2. São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of São João da Boa Vista, Av. Profª Isette Corrêa Fontão, 505, Jardim das Flores, São João da Boa Vista, SP, 13876-750, Brazil

    Julian A. Avila

  3. Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, 10 Av.Prof. Mello Moraes 2463, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil

    Julian David Escobar

  4. Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000 Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil

    Victor Ferrinho Pereira

  5. PETROBRAS, CENPES, Av. Horácio Macedo 950, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-915, Brazil

    Ricardo Reppold Marinho & Marcelo Torres Piza Paes

  6. School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Mendeleyev 200, Campinas, SP, 13083860, Brazil

    Eduardo B. Fonseca

  7. National Institute of Technology – INT, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20081-312, Brazil

    Alex M. S. Costa

  8. SENAI Innovation Institute for advanced manufacturing and microfabrication, Rua Bento Branco de Andrade Filho, 379, São Paulo, SP, 04757-000, Brazil

    Maysa Terada

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  1. Rafael A. R. Giorjão
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  2. Julian A. Avila
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  9. Maysa Terada
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Contributions

Rafael A. R. Giorjão: Investigation; data curation; formal analysis; writing — original draft

Julian A. Avila D: Investigation; writing — review and editing

Julian David Escobar Atehortua: Investigation; writing — review and editing

Victor Ferrinho Pereira: Investigation

Ricardo Reppold Marinho: Investigation

Marcelo Torres Piza Paes: Investigation

Eduardo B. da Fonseca: Investigation; writing – review and editing

Alex M. S. Costa: Investigation

Maysa Terada: Conceptualization; supervision; data curation; formal analysis; project administration; writing

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Julian A. Avila or Maysa Terada.

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Giorjão, R.A.R., Avila, J.A., Escobar, J.D. et al. The study of volumetric wearing of PCBN/W-Re composite tool during friction stir processing of pipeline steels (X70) plates. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 114, 1555–1564 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-06932-8

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