Abstract
Laser shock clinching is a novel joining method derived from laser shock forming in which the metal foil is plastically deformed under the pulsed laser induced shock wave, and then two or more metal foils can be joined together based on plastic deformation. However, the present researches are less concerned with the mechanical joining behavior of metal foils during incremental impacts of multiple laser pulses. In the present study, the mechanical joining behavior of pure copper foil and pre-pierced stainless steel sheet in laser shock clinching was investigated. A finite element model was established to analyze the material flowing and clinching behavior of metal foils under multiple laser pulses. Based on the validated model, the deformation stages, thickness change, and shock wave propagation features were studied. The temperature rise during clinching was assessed considering both the compression by shock wave and plastic deformation at high strain rates. It is revealed that the laser shock clinching process can be divided into three deformation stages, that is, free bulging forming, radial expansion, and formation of interlock. Both experimental and numerical results prove that the formation of clinched joints relies on the plastic deformation of the joining partner I. The thinnest region of the joint locates at the material of the joining partner I in contact with the upper corner of the joining partner II. In addition, there is no obvious influence of temperature increase on the mechanical properties of joining partners. Moreover, the shock wave propagation characteristics along axial direction and the influence of laser power density on interlock value and thickness distribution were also discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Eshtayeh MM, Hrairi M, Mohiuddin AKM (2016) Clinching process for joining dissimilar materials: state of the art. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 82:179–195
Chua SF, Chen HC, Bi GJ (2019) Influence of pulse energy density in micro laser weld of crack sensitive Al alloy sheets. J Manuf Process 38:1–8
Shi WQ, Wang WH, Huang YL (2016) Laser micro-welding of Cu–Al dissimilar metals. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 85:185–189
Zimmer K, Ehrhardt M, Lorenz P, Stephan T, Ebert R, Braun A (2013) Joining of molybdenum thin films with copper printed circuit board by laser micro-riveting. Opt Laser Technol 49:320–324
Lerra F, Ascari A, Fortunato A (2019) The influence of laser pulse shape and separation distance on dissimilar welding of Al and Cu films. J Manuf Process 45:331–339
Shi WQ, Huang J, Xie YP, Li YQ, An FJ (2017) Laser micro-welding technology for Cu–Al dissimilar metals and mechanisms of weld defect formation. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 93:4197–4201
Chen YH, Mao YQ, Lu WW, He P (2017) Investigation of welding crack in micro laser welded NiTiNb shape memory alloy and Ti6A14V alloy dissimilar metals joints. Opt Laser Technol 91:197–202
Remington TP, Remington BA, Hahn EN, Meyers MA (2017) Deformation and failure in extreme regimes by high-energy pulsed lasers: a review. Mater Sci Eng A 688:429–458
Zhang Y, Babu SS, Prothe C, Blakely M, Kwasegroch J, LaHa M, Daehn GS (2011) Application of high velocity impact welding at varied different length scales. J Mater Process Technol 211:944–952
Wang HM, Vivek A, Wang YL, Taber G, Daehn GS (2016) Laser impact welding application in joining aluminum to titanium. J Laser Appl 28:032002
Wang X, Gu CX, Zheng YY, Shen ZB, Liu HX (2014) Laser shock welding of aluminum/aluminum and aluminum/copper. Mater Des 56:26–30
Wang HM, Taber G, Liu DJ, Hansen S, Chowdhury E, Terry S, Lippold JC, Daehn GS (2015) Laser impact welding: design of apparatus and parametric optimization. J Manuf Process 19:118–124
Wang X, Huang T, Luo YP, Liu HX (2017) Laser indirect shock welding of fine wire to metal sheet. Materials 10:1070
Wang HM, Wang YL (2017) Laser-driven flyer application in thin film dissimilar materials welding and spalling. Opt Lasers Eng 97:1–8
Mori K, Abe Y (2018) A review on mechanical joining of aluminium and high strength steel sheets by plastic deformation. Int J Light Mater Manuf 1:1–11
Groche P, Wohletz S, Brenneis M, Pabst C, Resch F (2014) Joining by forming—a review on joint mechanisms, applications and future trends. J Mater Process Technol 214:1972–1994
Ji Z, Liu R, Wang DG, Zhang MH, Su QC (2008) A micro clinching method and its device for joining ultrathin sheets with pulsed laser. Chinese Patent ZL200810014018.1
Veenaas S, Wielage H, Vollertsen F (2014) Joining by laser shock forming: realization and acting pressures. Prod Eng Res Devel 8:283–290
Veenaas S, Vollertsen F (2014) High speed joining process by laser shock forming for the micro range. 6th International Conference on High Speed Forming, Daejeon, Korea, pp 97-105
Veenaas S, Vollertsen F (2015) Forming behavior during joining by laser induced shock waves. Key Eng Mater 651-653:1451–1456
Wang X, Li C, Ma YJ, Shen ZB, Sun XQ, Sha CF, Gao S, Li LY, Liu HX (2016) An experimental study on micro clinching of metal foils with cutting by laser shock forming. Materials 9:571
Wang X, Li XD, Li C, Shen ZB, Ma YJ, Liu HX (2018) Laser shock micro clinching of Al/Cu. J Mater Process Technol 258:200–210
Wang XY, Ji Z, Wang JF, You SX, Zheng C, Liu R (2018) An experimental and numerical study on laser shock clinching for joining copper foil and perforated stainless steel sheet. J Mater Process Technol 258:155–164
Wang XY, Ji Z, Liu R, Zheng C (2018) Making interlock by laser shock forming. Opt Laser Technol 107:331–336
Li XD, Wang X, Shen ZB, Ma YJ, Liu HX (2019) An experimental study on micro-shear clinching of metal foils by laser shock. Materials 12:1422
You SX, Wang XY, Ji Z, Zheng C, Zhang GF, Liu R (2019) Making line undercut structure by incremental laser shock forming. Int J Precis Eng Manuf 20:1289–1296
Fabbro R, Fournier J, Ballard P, Devaux D, Virmont J (1990) Physical study of laser-produced plasma in confined geometry. J Appl Phys 68:775–784
Zheng C, Pan CD, Tian ZR, Zhao XH, Zhao GQ, Ji Z, Song LB (2020) Laser shock induced incremental forming of pure copper foil and its deformation behavior. Opt Laser Technol 121:105785
Johnson GR, Cook WH (1983) A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures, 7th International Symposium on Ballistics. Hague, Netherlands, pp 541–547
Fan SQ (2007) Study on the dynamic responses and failure of cylindrical shell subjected to typical explosive loadings. Dissertation, University of Science & Technology of China
Ye YX, Xuan T, Lian ZC, Feng YY, Hua XJ (2015) Investigation of the crater-like microdefects induced by laser shock processing with aluminum foil as absorbent layer. Appl Surf Sci 339:75–84
Meyers MA (1994) Dynamic behavior of materials. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken
Ryazanov AI, Pavlov SA, Kiritani M (2003) Effective temperature rise during propagation of shock wave and high-speed deformation in metals. Mater Sci Eng A 350:245–250
Fan Y, Wang Y, Vukelic S, Yao YL (2005) Wave-solid interactions in laser-shock-induced deformation processes. J Appl Phys 98:104904
Rusinek A, Zaera R, Klepaczko JR, Cheriguene R (2005) Analysis of inertia and scale effects on dynamic neck formation during tension of sheet steel. Acta Mater 53:5387–5400
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51205232), Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2017BEE006), and the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (2018JC042).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zheng, C., Pan, C., Wang, J. et al. Mechanical joining behavior of Cu–Fe dissimilar metallic foils in laser shock clinching. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 110, 1001–1014 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05920-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05920-8