Abstract
Improving mechanical properties and maintaining shape precisions are both significant for the further developments of aluminum alloy profiles. A new kind of ECAP with rubber mandrels can be innovatively used to form these alloy profiles in recent years. The profiles can be maintained as their initial shapes after pressing through the channel. At the same time, their mechanical properties can be improved. In this paper, analytical method is firstly used to find the mechanical mechanism during this process. Both finite element simulation and physical experiment are used to verify these results obtained by the analytical model. Except for the head and tail parts of the profiles, the shape of middle parts can be maintained well. Based on the stress delivered, severe plastic deformation can be applied in forming process of complex profiles. Better mechanical properties and good shape precisions can be creatively realized in complex profiles at the same time.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Noder J, Butcher C (2019) A comparative investigation into the influence of the constitutive model on the prediction of in-plane formability for Nakazima and Marciniak tests. Int J Mech Sci 163:105138
Wang Y, Lang LH, Sherkatghanad E, Nielsen KB, Li XX, Sun ZY (2018) Rigid-flexible coupling forming process for aluminum alloy automobile body panels. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 95:3905–3918
Yu JQ, Zhao GQ, Chen L (2016) Investigation of interface evolution, microstructure and mechanical properties of solid-state bonding seams in hot extrusion process of aluminum alloy profiles. J Mater Process Technol 230:153–166
Qian LY, Paredes M, Wierzbicki T, Sparrer Y, Feuerstein M, Zeng P, Fang G (2016) Experimental and numerical study on shear-punch test of 6060 T6 extruded aluminum profile. Int J Mech Sci 118:205–218
Yi J, Wang ZH, Liu ZW, Zhang JM, He X (2018) FE analysis of extrusion defect and optimization of metal flow in porthole die for complex hollow aluminium profile. Trans. Nonferrous Met Soc China 28:2094–2101
Fang WL, Tang D, Wang HM, Li DY, Peng YH (2020) Optimization of die design for thin-walled flat multi-port tube with the aid of finite element simulation. J Mater Process Technol 277:116418
Reggiani B, Donati L (2019) Prediction of liquid nitrogen die cooling effect on the extrusion process parameters by means of FE simulations and experimental validation. J Manuf Process 41:231–241
Estrada Q, Szwedowicz D, Aceves JS, Majewski T, Vazquez JV, Mendez AR (2017) Crashworthiness behavior of aluminum profiles with holes considering damage criteria and damage evolution. Int J Mech Sci 131–132:776–791
Zhang B, Chen X, Pan KX, Wang JN (2019) Multi-objective optimization of friction stir spot-welded parameters on aluminum alloy sheets based on automotive joint loads. Metals 9(5):520
Zhou L, Yu MR, Liu BY, Zhang ZL, Liu SW, Song XG, Zhao HY (2020) Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/steel dissimilar welds fabricated by friction surfacing assisted friction stir lap welding. J Mater Res Technol 9(1):212–221
Okeke U, Yilmazer H, Sato S, Boehlert CJ (2019) Strength enhancement of an aluminum alloy through high pressure torsion. Mat Sci Eng A Struct 760(8):95–105
Ansari MA, Samanta A, Behnagh RA, Ding HT (2019) An efficient coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian finite element model for friction stir processing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 101(5–8):1495–1508
Mineta T, Sato H (2018) Simultaneously improved mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg-Li-Al alloy produced by severe plastic deformation. Mater Sci Eng A 735:418–422
To’th LS, Arzaghi M, Fundenberger JJ, Beausir B, Bouaziz O, Massiona RA (2009) Severe plastic deformation of metals by high-pressure tube twisting. Scripta Mater 60:175–177
Bruder E (2019) Formability of ultrafine grained metals produced by severe plastic deformation-an overview. Adv Eng Mater 21(1):180031
Natarajan Y, Murugesan PK, Mohan M, Khan SALA (2020) Abrasive water jet machining process: a state of art of review. J Manuf Process 49:271–322
Dong YY, Zhang CS, Zhao GQ, Guan YJ, Gao AJ, Sun WC (2016) Constitutive equation and processing maps of an Al–Mg–Si aluminum alloy: determination and application in simulating extrusion process of complex profiles. Mater Des 92:983–997
Chen L, Zhao GQ, Yu JQ (2015) Effects of ram velocity on pyramid die extrusion of hollow aluminum profile. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 79:2117–2125
Maximov JT, Anchev AP, Duncheva GV, Ganev N, Selimov KF (2017) Influence of the process parameters on the surface roughness, micro-hardness, and residual stresses in slide burnishing of high-strength aluminum alloys. J Braz Soc Mech Sci 39(8):3067–3078
Nagasekhar AV, Chakkingal U, Venugopal P (2006) Candidature of equal channel angular pressing for processing of tubular commercial purity-titanium. J Mater Process Technol 173(1):53–60
Jafarlou DM, Zalnezhad E, Hassan MA, Ezazi MA, Mardi NA, Hamoud AMS, Hamdi M, Yoon GH (2016) Severe plastic deformation of tubular AA 6061 via equal channel angular pressing. Mater Des 90:1124–1135
Djavanroodi F, Zolfaghari AA, Ebrahimi M (2015) Experimental investigation of three different tube equal channel angular pressing techniques. Kovove Mater 53:27–34
Li XH, Li WH, Yang SQ, Hao ZM, Shi HT (2018) Study on polyurethane media for mass finishing process: dynamic characteristics and performance. Int J Mech Sci 138-139:250–261
Wang HY, Teng F, Wei Z, Zhang PC, Sun JC, Ji SJ (2019) Simulation research about rubber pad forming of corner channel with convex or concave mould. J Manuf Process 40:94–104
Wang HY, Wei Z, Teng F, Zhang PC, Sun JC, Ji SJ (2019) Numerical simulation and experiment research on forming of two-step channel based on rubber pad pressing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 101(5–8):2175–2189
Ebrahimi M, Shaeri MH, Naseri R, Gode C (2018) Equal channel angular extrusion for tube configuration of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 731:569–576
Ouyang SW, Li XX, Li CX, Du LM, Peng T, Han XT, Li L, Lai ZP, Cao QL (2020) Investigation of the electromagnetic attractive forming utilizing a dual-coil system for tube bulging. J Manuf Process 49:102–115
Li XX, Cao QL, Lai ZP, Ouyang SW, Liu N, Li M, Han XT, Li L (2020) Bulging behavior of metallic tubes during the electromagnetic forming process in the presence of a background magnetic field. J Mater Process Technol 276:116411
Tang ZJ, Chen J, Dang KX, Liu G, Tao K (2019) Experimental investigation into the electropulsing assisted pulsating gas forming of CP-Ti tubes. J Mater Process Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.116492
Wang HY, Li X, Sun J, Wang ZH, Zhao DW, Zhang DH (2016) Analysis of sandwich rolling with two different thicknesses outer layers based on slab method. Int J Mech Sci 106:194–208
Wang HY, Sun J, Wan ZT, Wang QL, Zhao DW, Zhang DH (2017) Analysis of eccentric unbonded bimetal rod in ECAP based on different arrangements of soft and hard metals. Appl Math Model 4:501–527
Wang HY, Ji SJ, Zhao DW, Zhang DH (2018) Analysis and study of dieless drawing process for rod based on radial direction gradient slab method. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 98(1–4):839–847
Wang HF, Ban CY, Zhao NN, Zhu QF, Cui JZ (2019) Effective grain refinement of pure Cu processed by new route of equal channel angular pressing. Mater Sci Eng A 751:246–252
Medvedev AE, Lapovok R, Koch E, Hoppel H, Goken M (2018) Optimisation of interface formation by shear inclination: example of aluminium-copper hybrid produced by ECAP with back-pressure. Mater Des 146:142–151
Chen GJ, Chen L, Zhao GQ, Lu B (2017) Investigation on longitudinal weld seams during porthole die extrusion process of high strength 7075 aluminum alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 5-8:1897–1907
Chen L, Li YQ, Zhao GQ, Zhang CS, Gao FZ (2020) Multi-objective optimization and experimental investigation on hot extruded plate of high strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy. J Mater Res Technol 9(1):507–519
Chen L, Zhao GQ, Yu JQ, Zhang WD, Wu T (2014) Analysis and porthole die design for a multi-hole extrusion process of a hollow, thin-walled aluminum profile. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 74:383–392
Wang GQ, Zhu XP, Lei MK, Guo DM (2016) Inverse surface integrity problem in ultrasonic impact-treated AISI 304 stainless steel components. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 87:2033–2040
Liu XL, Li RY, Wu S, Yang L, Yue CX (2017) A prediction method of milling chatter stability for complex surface mold. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 89:2637–2648
Funding
This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51905068, No. 71831002); the Doctor Start-up Fund of Liaoning province (Grant No. 20180540098); the Program for Innovative Research Team in the University of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. IRT_17R13); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 3132019501, 3132019502).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, H., Jiang, L., Wang, G. et al. Analysis and simulation for shape control effects of complex aluminum alloy profile during ECAP. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 109, 2559–2573 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05803-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05803-y