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Investigation of the droplet characteristics and size distribution during the collaborative atomization process of a twin-fluid nozzle

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Abstract

To overcome the environmental problems during manufacturing process, the twin-fluid atomization has been demonstrated as an efficient technique to reduce the lubri-cooling fluid consumption and its pollution emission. However, the coupling between the gas, liquid, and structure of the twin-fluid nozzle directly affect the droplet characteristics and size distribution, which has a significant effect on the processing performance. In the current work, the droplet characteristics during the collaborative atomization process of a twin-fluid nozzle with two kinds of atomizing cores are investigated and compared via a phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA), and the droplet diameter and size distribution of a new twin-fluid nozzle (NTN) with different atomizing cores are further investigated. The results reveal that the spray atomization characteristics and droplet size distribution are obviously influenced by the performance of primary and secondary atomization, which mainly depend on the atomizing core structure and the gas to liquid mass flow rate ratio (GLR). Because the gas acceleration performance of the new atomizing core is better than that of the standard atomizing core at the same GLR, compared with the standard twin-fluid nozzle (STN), the droplet diameter decreases by approximately 33.97%, the droplet number concentration and axial velocity increase by approximately 36.39% and 34.51%, respectively, and the spray cone angle of the STN is only approximately 80% of that of the NTN. Meanwhile, the higher GLR of the twin-fluid nozzle provides more energy for the droplets, so the viscous force between the liquids is easier to overcome and the atomization characteristics are improved. Nevertheless, for a smaller GLR, the droplet size distribution is significantly affected by the structural parameters of the NTN atomizing core due to the insufficient atomization power. Moreover, a smaller throat diameter, a smaller exit diameter, and a moderate distance between the liquid channel and the atomizing core exit are beneficial for improving the droplet cumulative distribution.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (grant number LR18E050003), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 51905481 and 51975523), the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems (grant number GZKF-201820), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (grant number E2017203129), and Postdoctoral Preferred Funding Project of Zhejiang Province (grant number zj2019019).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of E & M, Ministry of Education & Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China

    Bo Chen, Yanbiao Li, Chaoqun Chen, Zesheng Wang & Peng Sun

  2. State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China

    Bo Chen & Xiaoming Yuan

  3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China

    Dianrong Gao & Xiaoming Yuan

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  1. Bo Chen
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  3. Yanbiao Li
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Correspondence to Yanbiao Li.

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Chen, B., Gao, D., Li, Y. et al. Investigation of the droplet characteristics and size distribution during the collaborative atomization process of a twin-fluid nozzle. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 107, 1625–1639 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05131-1

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