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Physicochemical properties of degradable vegetable-based oils on minimum quantity lubrication milling

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Abstract

With increasing attention being paid to environmental and health problems in metal machining, developing an environmentally friendly cutting fluid is an urgent need. Degradable vegetable oils with non-toxicity and renewability are becoming increasingly popular. However, the mechanism of physicochemical properties of different vegetable oils is not clear on minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) milling. In the study, five typical vegetable oils (i.e., cottonseed, palm, castor, soybean, and peanut) were selected as base oil to experimentally evaluate the lubrication performance of the tool–workpiece interface compared with synthetic cutting fluid. With Grade 45 steel as workpiece material, the lubrication performance was evaluated in terms of milling force, surface roughness and surface morphology, as well as the composition, molecular structure, and viscosity of vegetable oils. Results showed that the vegetable-based oils achieved lower milling force and better surface quality than the synthetic cutting fluid. Among them, palm oil obtained the lowest milling force (Fx = 309 N, Fy = 154 N) at 7.76% and 13.6% lower than that of synthetic cutting fluids. The surface quality obtained by vegetable-based oils is superior to that of the synthetic cutting fluid, and the cottonseed and palm MQL acquired the best surface, while soybean obtained the worst surface. Furthermore, the results of surface roughness are consistent with those of surface morphology. Finally, according to the analysis of composition and molecular structure, palm and cottonseed with high content of saturated fatty acids are more suitable as MQL base oils.

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Abbreviations

MQL:

Minimum quantity lubrication

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

Fx, Fy, Fz :

Cutting force components in X, Y, and Z directions, respectively (N)

R a :

Arithmetic average height (μm)

Rsm :

Mean spacing at mean line (mm)

\( {\overline{F}}_{\mathrm{max}} \) :

Mean of milling force peak

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Acknowledgments

This research was financially supported by the following organizations: the Scientific Research Development Project of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, China (J18KA017 and J17KB016), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51806112); Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (ZR2017PEE002 and ZR2017PEE011).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering and Technology R&D Center of Mechanical and Electrical in Colleges of Shandong, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, 266555, China

    Xiufang Bai, Fengmin Zhou, Lan Dong & Xiaojie Lv

  2. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, 266555, China

    Xiufang Bai, Fengmin Zhou, Lan Dong & Xiaojie Lv

  3. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China

    Changhe Li

  4. Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China

    Qingan Yin

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  1. Xiufang Bai
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  2. Fengmin Zhou
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  3. Changhe Li
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  4. Lan Dong
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  5. Xiaojie Lv
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Correspondence to Changhe Li or Lan Dong.

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Highlights

1. Lubrication performance under different lubrication conditions in milling Grade 45 steel was studied.

2. The surface integrity under different lubrication conditions was studied.

3. Physicochemical properties of five kinds of vegetable oils were analyzed.

4. Viscosities of five kinds of vegetable oils were analyzed to validation.

5. The best lubrication performance was obtained by palm oil and cottonseed oil MQL.

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Bai, X., Zhou, F., Li, C. et al. Physicochemical properties of degradable vegetable-based oils on minimum quantity lubrication milling. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 106, 4143–4155 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04695-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04695-x

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