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Friction capabilities of graphite-based lubricants at room and over 1400 K temperatures

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Abstract

The present work investigates the lubricant capabilities at room and hot-forging temperatures (>1400 K) of three types of lubricants with two different graphite concentrations (8% and 12%). These lubricants are distinguished by measuring the percentage of chemical elements and average size of graphite particles. Later, two standardized methods, i.e., pin-on disc and ring test, are utilized to assess the main friction differences under laboratory and real industry conditions, respectively. The results exhibit that the friction values at room temperature are lower for lubricant B, no matter which type of graphite concentration is used, whereas at hot-forging temperatures, greater percentage of graphite enhances lower frictional values when higher deformations are assessed. Additionally, the ring tests performed at hot-forging temperatures show significant tribology differences when the degree of deformation reaches 50%. Particularly, the lubricant B shows the lowest values of friction coefficients of 0.22 and 0.21 for 8% and 12% of graphite concentration, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the selection of a proper type of lubricant (regarding chemical composition and size of solid suspension) and the graphite concentration are sensitive parameters, when it comes to achieve different bulk deformations combined with extreme temperatures like in hot-forging process.

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Acknowledgments

CRAFMSA S.A. is acknowledged for their support and contribution to this work. We give thanks to Soledad Pereda from INTI-Mecánica for the valuable support with the electronic microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy analysis.

Funding

This work is supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (reference project: FJCI-2016-29297), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development of Chile (Fondecyt project 3180006), and the Aeronautics Advanced Manufacturing Center (CFAA) of Bilbao.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile

    A. J. Sánchez Egea

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao, Aeronautics Advanced Manufacturing Center (CFAA), Alameda de Urquijo s/n, 48013, Bilbao, Spain

    A. J. Sánchez Egea & L. N. López de Lacalle

  3. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Mecánica, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial INTI, Avenida General Paz 5445, 1650 Miguelete, San Martin, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    V. Martynenko, G. Abate, N. Deferrari & D. Martinez Krahmer

  4. Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Juan XXIII y Camino de Cintura, Lomas de Zamora, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    V. Martynenko, G. Abate & D. Martinez Krahmer

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  1. A. J. Sánchez Egea
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  2. V. Martynenko
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  3. G. Abate
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  4. N. Deferrari
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  6. L. N. López de Lacalle
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Correspondence to A. J. Sánchez Egea.

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Sánchez Egea, A.J., Martynenko, V., Abate, G. et al. Friction capabilities of graphite-based lubricants at room and over 1400 K temperatures. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 102, 1623–1633 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03290-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03290-4

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